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China’s electric car race is becoming all about semiconductors

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Shaoqing Ren, vice president, autonomous driving development, at Nio speaks about the electric company’s 5nm chip at its tech day in Shanghai on July 27, 2024.

CNBC | Evelyn Cheng

BEIJING — Chinese electric car companies that are already engaged in an intense price war are turning up the heat on another front: Chip-powered tech features such as the driver-assist function.

Nio and Xpeng have announced that their in-house designed auto chips are ready for production. So far, many of the major Chinese electric car makers have relied on Nvidia chips, with the company’s automotive chips business over the past few years bringing in more than $300 million in revenue a quarter.

“It’s hard to point to your product being superior when your competitors use the exact same silicon to power their infotainment and intelligent driving systems,” said Tu Le, founder of consulting firm Sino Auto Insights, explaining why EV makers are turning to in-house chips.

Le said he expected Tesla and Chinese electric car startups to compete on designing their own chips, while traditional automakers will likely still rely on Nvidia and Qualcomm “for the foreseeable future.”

Nvidia reported a 37% year-on-year increase in automotive segment revenue to $346 million in the latest quarter.

“Automotive was a key growth driver for the quarter as every auto maker developing autonomous vehicle technology is using NVIDIA in their Data Centers,” company management said on an earnings call, according to a FactSet transcript.

China is cementing its new position as the world's center of automotive manufacturing: Analyst

“I think the main reason why Chinese [automakers] pay attention [to] self-development system-on-chip is the success of Tesla in full-self driving,” said Alvin Liu, a Shanghai-based senior analyst for Canalys.

In 2019, Tesla reportedly shifted from Nvidia to its own chip for advanced driver-assist functions.

By designing their own chips, Chinese automakers can customize features, as well as reduce supply chain risk from geopolitical tensions, Liu said.

Liu does not expect significant impact to Nvidia in the short-term, however, as Chinese automakers will likely test new tech in small batches in the higher-end of the market.

Leveraging latest tech

Nio in late July said it had finished designing an automotive-grade chip, the NX9031, that uses a highly advanced 5 nanometer production technology.

“It is the first time that the five-nanometer process technology has been used in the Chinese automotive industry,” said Florence Zhang, consulting director at China Insights Consultancy, according to a CNBC translation of her Mandarin-language remarks. “It has broken through the bottleneck of domestic intelligent driving chip research and development.”

Nio, which had teased the chip in December, plans to use it in the high-end ET9 sedan, set for delivery in 2025.

The 5 nanometers technology is the most advanced one for autos because the 3 nanometer tech is mostly used for smartphone, personal computer and artificial intelligence-related applications, CLSA analyst Jason Tsang, said following the Nio chip announcement.

Xpeng at its event on Tuesday did not disclose the nanometer technology it was using for its Turing chip. The company‘s driver-assist technology is widely considered one of the best currently available in China. 

While Xpeng revealed its chip on Tuesday, Brian Gu, Xpeng president, emphasized in a CNBC interview the day before that his company will primarily partner with Nvidia for chips.

The two companies have a close relationship, and Xpeng’s former head of autonomous driving joined Nvidia last year.

Giants in China’s electric car industry are also recognizing the importance of chips for autos.

If batteries were the foundation for the first phase of electric car development, semiconductors are the basis for the industry’s second phase, as it focuses on smart connected vehicles, BYD‘s founder, Wang Chuanfu, said in April at a press conference held by Chinese driver-assist chip company Horizon Robotics.

Wang said more than 1 million BYD vehicles use Horizon Robotics chips.

BYD on Tuesday announced its Fang Cheng Bao off-road vehicle brand would use Huawei’s driver-assist system.

U.S. restrictions on Nvidia chip sales to China haven’t directly affected automakers since the cars haven’t required the most advanced semiconductor technology so far.

But with increasing focus on driver-assist tech, which relies more on artificial intelligence — a segment at the center of U.S.-China tech competition — Chinese automakers are turning to in-house tech.

Looking ahead to the next decade, Xpeng Founder He Xiaopeng said Tuesday the company plans to become a global artificial intelligence car company.

When asked about the availability of computing power for training driver-assist tech, Xpeng’s Gu told reporters Monday that prior to the U.S. restrictions the company had been working with Alibaba Cloud. He claimed that access now probably gives Xpeng the largest cloud computing capacity among all car manufacturers in China.

Creating new tech and standards

Government incentives, from subsidies to support for building out a battery charging network, have helped electric cars take off in China, the world’s largest auto market.

In July, penetration of new energy vehicles, which includes battery-only and hybrid-powered cars, exceeded 50% of new passenger cars sold in China for the first time, according to industry data.

That scale means that companies involved in the country’s electric car development are also contributing to new standards on tech for cars, such as removing the need for a physical key to unlock the door. Instead, drivers can use a smartphone app.

How that app or device securely connects drivers to their cars is part of the forthcoming set of standards that the California-based Car Connectivity Consortium is working on, according to president Alysia Johnson.

A quarter of the organization’s members are based in China, including Nio, BYD, Zeekr and Huawei. Apple, Google and Samsung are also members, Johnson revealed.

She said the organization is looking to enable a driver of a Nio car that uses a Huawei phone to securely send the car “key” to a partner who uses an Apple phone and drives a Zeekr car, for example.

“Digital key tech is becoming a lot more accessible than people would think,” she said.

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Scott Bessent calls Moody’s a ‘lagging indicator’ after U.S. credit downgrade

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Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said in an interview on NBC News’ “Meet the Press” that Moody’s Ratings were a “lagging indicator” after the group downgraded the U.S.’ credit rating by a notch from the highest level.

“I think that Moody’s is a lagging indicator,” Bessent said Sunday. “I think that’s what everyone thinks of credit agencies.”

Moody’s said last week that the downgrade from Aaa to Aa1 “reflects the increase over more than a decade in government debt and interest payment ratios to levels that are significantly higher than similarly rated sovereigns.”

The treasury secretary asserted that the downgrade was related to the Biden administration’s spending policies, which that administration had touted as investments in priorities, including combatting climate change and increasing health care coverage.

“Just like Sean Duffy said with our air traffic control system, we didn’t get here in the past 100 days,” Bessent continued, referring to the transportation secretary. “It’s the Biden administration and the spending that we have seen over the past four years.”

The U.S. has $36.22 trillion in national debt, according to the Treasury Department. It began growing steadily in the 1980s and continued increasing during both President Donald Trump’s first term and former President Joe Biden’s administration.

Bessent also told moderator Kristen Welker that he spoke on the phone with the CEO of Walmart, Doug McMillon, who the treasury secretary said told him the retail giant would “eat some of the tariffs, just as they did in ’18, ’19 and ’20.”

Walmart CFO John David Rainey previously told CNBC that Walmart would absorb some higher costs related to tariffs. The CFO had also told CNBC separately that he was “concerned” consumers would “start seeing higher prices,” pointing to tariffs.

Trump said in a post to Truth Social last week that Walmart should “eat the tariffs.” Walmart responded, saying the company has “always worked to keep our prices as low as possible and we won’t stop.”

“We’ll keep prices as low as we can for as long as we can given the reality of small retail margins,” the statement continued.

When asked about his conversation, Bessent denied he applied any pressure on Walmart to “eat the tariffs,” noting that he and the CEO “have a very good relationship.”

“I just wanted to hear it from him, rather than second-, third-hand from the press,” Bessent said.

McMillon had said on Walmart’s earnings call that tariffs have put pressure on prices. Bessent argued that companies “have to give the worst case scenario” on the calls.

The White House has said that countries are approaching the administration to negotiate over tariffs. The administration has also announced trade agreements with the United Kingdom and China. 

Bessent said on Sunday that he thinks countries that do not negotiate in good faith would see duties return to the rates announced the day the administration unveiled across-the-board tariffs.

“The negotiating leverage that President Trump is talking about here is if you don’t want to negotiate, then it will spring back to the April 2 level,” Bessent said.

Bessent was also asked about Trump saying the administration would accept a luxury jet from Qatar to be used as Air Force One, infuriating Democrats and drawing criticism from some Republicans as well. 

The treasury secretary called questions about the $400 million gift an “off ramp for many in the media not to acknowledge what an incredible trip this was,” referring to investment commitments the president received during his trip last week to Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates.

“If we go back to your initial question on the Moody’s downgrade, who cares? Qatar doesn’t. Saudi doesn’t. UAE doesn’t,” he said. “They’re all pushing money in.”

When asked for his response to those who argue that the jet sends a message that countries can curry favor with the U.S. by sending gifts, Bessent said that “the gifts are to the American people,” pointing to investment agreements that were unveiled during Trump’s Middle East trip. 

Sen. Chris Murphy, D-Conn., criticized Bessent’s comments about the credit downgrade, saying in a separate interview on “Meet the Press.”

“I heard the treasury secretary say that, ‘Who cares about the downgrading of our credit rating from Moody’s?’ That is a big deal,” Murphy said.

“That means that we are likely headed for a recession. That probably means higher interest rates for anybody out there who is trying to start a business or to buy a home,” he continued. “These guys are running the economy recklessly because all they care about is the health of the Mar-a-Lago billionaire class.”

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Pilotless planes are taking flight in China. Bank of America says it's time to buy

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While startups around the world have tried to build vehicles that can fly without a pilot, only one is certified to carry people — in China.

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Insiders at UnitedHealth are scooping up tarnished shares

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Key Points

  • UnitedHealth Group saw some of its insiders step in and purchase declining shares this week.
  • Kristen Gil, a director at the firm, bought 3,700 shares worth roughly $1 million on Thursday.
  • Shares of UnitedHealth plunged nearly 11% to $274.35 on Thursday following a report in The Wall Street Journal that the Department of Justice is conducting a criminal investigation into possible Medicare fraud.

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