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IRS guidance and key appointments set the stage for 2025

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Year’s end is fast approaching for preparers and taxpayers alike, making the regulatory clarity from the Internal Revenue Service’s November wave of guidance a welcome addition across the profession. But with notable tax figures set to bow out in the face of new appointees, experts are awaiting the full brunt of changes to come.

One such announcement is President-elect Donald Trump’s nomination of former U.S. Representative Billy Long as the next commissioner of the IRS. “Since leaving Congress, Billy has worked as a business and tax advisor, helping small businesses navigate the complexities of complying with the IRS rules and regulations. … Taxpayers and the wonderful employees of the IRS will love having Billy at the helm,” Trump said in a Truth Social post this month.

Danny Werfel, who was nominated to the position by President Joe Biden last year, said he was ready to stay in the role for the remainder of his term, which is slated to end on Nov. 12, 2027. According to the conditions of the role, however, he serves at the pleasure of the sitting president.

The IRS has launched numerous campaigns under Werfel’s tenure, ranging from reclaiming more than $1 billion in delinquent taxes from millionaires to the addition of payments and Spanish translations to Business Tax Accounts.

“While much more work remains for the IRS to get where it needs to be, there should be no doubt the agency has accomplished many things during the past two years,” Werfel said in a statement. “These efforts to serve taxpayers and improve tax administration will continue to intensify and accelerate in upcoming months and into the future.”

Read more: Two years in: IRS highlights improvements under IRA

David Samuel Johnson is another new face, whose nomination to succeed the late J. Russell George as the next Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration was approved this month by the Senate Finance Committee. 

If confirmed, Johnson said during his November confirmation hearing that a core focus of his would be to “provide candid, reliable and pertinent information to Congress, the Treasury Secretary and the IRS Commissioner” to improve the agency’s operational efficiency.

Trump has been active since Nov. 6 in making nominations for various positions with influence over the accounting space, including Paul Atkins to replace outgoing Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman Gary Gensler.

Read more: IRS reforms bring relief, but Trump win clouds future plans

Learn more about the recent noteworthy guidance and final rules published by the IRS last month and how filing benchmarks have changed accordingly.

The IRS headquarters in Washington

IRS phasing in new Form 1099-K thresholds

The Internal Revenue Service is helping ease the transitory burden of its Form 1099-K information reporting threshold by issuing Notice 2024-85 last month, setting the benchmark at $2,500 for 2025.

The previous $20,000 and 200 transaction threshold was originally cut to $600 by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, prompting outcry from taxpayers and professionals regarding the potential flood of forms. The IRS quelled these worries by gradually rolling out the new threshold, starting with establishing a $5,000 threshold for the 2024 calendar year.

“There are a variety of examples throughout history where the IRS — to protect taxpayers from undue burden or from potentially being overtaxed — where we have either delayed implementation or ramped implementation,” IRS Commissioner Danny Werfel said during a congressional hearing in February.

Read more: IRS phases in Form 1099-K threshold at $2,500 in 2025

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Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomberg

IRS issues final regs on clean energy partnership credits

The IRS published its final regulations last month for assisting entities that co-own clean energy projects with accessing clean energy tax credits through elective pay.

Set to take effect on Jan. 19 of next year, the new rules allow elective-pay-eligible entities ranging from state and local governments to churches and nonprofit organizations to utilize incentives by deeming specific clean-energy credits as refundable. 

The regulations go on to further clarify how eligible organizations can remain compliant when jointly investing in clean energy projects, as well as add further adjustments to how such projects can classify themselves to not be treated as partnerships and take advantage of elective pay.

Read more: Final regs issued for clean energy partnership credits

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R&D Credit claim revision period extended

The transition period for filers revising research and development tax credit claims has been extended through Jan.10, 2026.

The new process, which allows taxpayers 45 days to fine-tune their research credit claim being submitted for refund prior to the IRS’s final decision, comes from an October 2021 initiative to cut down on dubious filings. 

The changes require taxpayers to provide the IRS with information regarding the business components to which the Section 41 research credit claim relates for that year, all research activities performed for each business component and the total qualified employee wage expenses, total qualified supply expenses and total qualified contract research expenses for the claim year. These rules apply for any claims posed after June 18 of this year.

Read more: IRS extends R&D tax credit transition period

IRS-Building-light

IRS to accept duplicate dependent returns with IP PIN

Beginning in the 2025 filing season, the IRS will start accepting electronically filed tax returns claiming dependents featured on another taxpayer’s return, provided the second taxpayer uses a valid Identification Protection Personal Identification Number.

The agency will begin taking Forms 1040, 1040-NR and 1040-SS starting next season, helping cut down on the time between when the IRS receives the forms and when reimbursements are distributed — all while preserving the level of security against identity theft risks.

E-filed returns claiming duplicate dependents will continue to be rejected unless a valid IP PIN is provided.

Read more: IRS to accept duplicate dependent returns with an IP PIN

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401(k) limit increases, IRA limit stays the same

The IRS has raised its contributions cap for individual 401(k) plans for the 2025 tax year to $23,500 as part of its annual cost-of-living adjustments, while the $7,000 individual retirement account limit remains unchanged.

Guidance issued last month that outlined numerous cost-of-living adjustments highlighted how employees with 401(k), 403(b), governmental 457 plans and the federal government’s Thrift Savings Plan benefit from the increase. Both the annual contribution limit and catch-up contribution limits for IRA plan participants aged 50 and older remain constant at $7,000 and $1,000 for 2025, even with the latter adjusted under the SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022.

Read more: IRS increases 401(k) limit, keeps IRA limit the same

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Accounting

In the blogs: On the horizon

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Crypto’s future; sobering CTC; inside and outside; and other highlights from our favorite tax bloggers.

On the horizon

  • Withum (https://www.withum.com/resources/): President-elect Trump has proposed several projects to boost the crypto sector, including dispensing capital gains tax for Bitcoin transactions and building a centralized Bitcoin holding account (a strategy reminiscent of America’s domination during the dot-com years). More clearly governed and with the support of the government, the crypto market could significantly increase in 2025.
  • Tax Vox (https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox): In 2025, the Tax Policy Center estimates that 17 million children younger than 17 will receive less than the full value of the Child Tax Credit because their parents earn too little. Most of these children also live in families that earn at least $2,500, the required minimum for any CTC beyond taxes owed. Congress has options when it debates the future of the CTC.
  • Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy (https://itep.org/category/blog/): As Congress negotiates federal funding during the lame-duck session, lawmakers would be wise to remember that stripping funds from the IRS costs more than it saves. 
  • Dean Dorton (https://deandorton.com/insights/): Next year could be a big one for the M&A market. A look at key metrics good and bad, from lower borrowing costs and thawing credit to valuation gaps and regulatory scrutiny.
  • Avalara (https://www.avalara.com/blog/en/north-america.html): Canada gets ready to “join the sales tax holiday fun.”
  • Sikich (https://www.sikich.com/insights/): Sikich has entered into an agreement to acquire the federal contracts of Cherry Bekaert Advisory LLC supporting the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 
  • HBK (https://hbkcpa.com/insights/): Reclassifying cannabis to Schedule III could expand access to banking, insurance, and other services for cannabis businesses. It may also ease the financial burden of Sec. 280E, which prohibits cannabis companies from taking standard business deductions due to marijuana’s current Schedule I status.
  • U of I Tax School (https://taxschool.illinois.edu/blog/): Interesting note on the beneficial ownership information reporting suspension: It invalidated much coursework and time in many tax schools this fall.

Good moves

  • Taxing Subjects (https://www.drakesoftware.com/blog): Preparing for the real season coming in the spring, from more IRS notices to high-net-worth clients to using artificial intelligence responsibly in your practice.
  • Canopy (https://www.getcanopy.com/blog): The importance of accountant-client privilege, the challenges in this age of technology and complex regulations, and how an accounting-based CRM platform is fundamental.
  • Turbotax (https://blog.turbotax.intuit.com): The “Moves That Matter” series kicks off with Drew, a lover of the outdoors from Montana. Interesting model in how to write a customer profile.
  • MBK (https://www.mbkcpa.com/insights): Estate planning is in many ways a big contingency plan. What about contingency plans for the beneficiaries?
  • Gordon Law (https://gordonlawltd.com/blog/): ‘Tis the season to tell them to stop sputtering: Why are bonuses taxed so heavily?

Virtual realities

  • Virginia – U.S. Tax Talk (https://us-tax.org/about-this-us-tax-blog/): How the “Bitcoin Jesus” now finds himself in a legal maelstrom after being arrested in Spain on U.S. charges of mail fraud, tax evasion and filing false returns.
  • Don’t Mess with Taxes (http://dontmesswithtaxes.typepad.com/): As internet betting continues to explode, a look at suggested tax rates of 15% to 25% of gross gaming revenue for new states where those feeling lucky can put their money down with a click.
  • TaxConnex (https://www.taxconnex.com/blog-): Holiday shopping season offers probably the year’s golden chance for your online biz clients, not only through sales on their own sites but also through household-name marketplace facilitators like Amazon. The glistening-once-again season also offers a big danger for your clients to ignite economic sales tax nexus.

Lowering the barter

  • Tax Foundation (https://taxfoundation.org/blog): The combined effect of net smuggling of cigarettes into U.S. states was a loss of more than $4.7 billion in forgone excise tax revenue in 2022. The annual effect of cigarette smuggling is significant, but the cumulative impact of annual smuggling from 2007 to 2022 demonstrates the severity of the issue when left to fester.
  • Mauled Again (http://mauledagain.blogspot.com/): “Analyzing the Federal Income Tax Consequences of a Crappy Barter Proposal.” Heavy on the “crappy.”
  • John R. Dundon II EA (http://johnrdundon.com/blog/): What to remind clients in biz partnerships about the difference between inside and outside basis. 
  • Boyum & Barenscheer (https://www.myboyum.com/blog/): What to remind biz-owner clients about the good and bad of retained earnings.

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Accounting

KPMG grows global revenue to $38.4 billion

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KPMG International reported annual aggregated revenues of its member firms globally grew 5.1% to $38.4 billion for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 2024.

The 5.1% increase over fiscal year 2023 was in local currency, and measured 5.4% in U.S. dollars.

The Big Four firm attributed this growth to its “collective strategy” and multibillion-dollar investments in aligned global priorities, while supporting clients through disruptions like artificial intelligence and shifting environmental, social and governance priorities. 

The firm reported that tax and legal services grew by 10%, which the firm said was driven by client demand for its AI-enabled managed service and transformation capability, legal capability, and helping clients navigate global tax reform. KPMG also grew audit 6% and advisory 2%. 

Last year, KPMG announced a U.S. $4.2 billion investment plan over three years as part of its collective strategy to build trust and drive growth, with over U.S. $1.7 billion invested across the KPMG network in FY24, with a focus on technology and AI, talent and ESG.

The offices of KPMG LLP in the Canary Wharf business and shopping district in London
The offices of KPMG LLP in the Canary Wharf business and shopping district in London

Simon Dawson/Bloomberg

KPMG grew its headcount by 1% to 275,288, which included targeted hiring in areas like tax and technology. 

In terms of KPMG’s regional growth, the Europe, Middle East and Africa region was up 8%, the Americas up 4%, and Asia Pacific up 1%.

The firm also noted it has continued to invest in ESG services due to client demand, and previously addressed its commitment to becoming more responsible within its own business in the firm’s “Our Impact Plan” report.

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Accounting

FASB proposes ASU on environmental credits

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The Financial Accounting Standards Board today proposed an Accounting Standards Update  related to environmental credits and environmental credits obligations.

The changes in the proposed ASU aims to improve the understandability of financial accounting and reporting information about environmental credits and environmental credit obligations, and improve the comparability of that information by reducing diversity in practice.

Financial Accounting Standards Board offices with new FASB logo sign.jpg

Patrick Dorsman/Financial Accounting Foundation

Stakeholders noted that entities are increasingly subject to emissions-related government mandates and regulatory compliance programs, which often results in obligations that are settled with environmental credits. In addition, some entities voluntarily purchase environmental credits from third parties. Stakeholders also noted that generally accepted accounting principles does not provide specific guidance on how to recognize and measure this activity, which results in diversity in practice. 

The proposed ASU provides recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements for all entities that purchase or hold environmental credits or have a regulatory compliance obligation that may be settled with those credits. 

However, as the FASB’s role is to establish and improve financial accounting and reporting standards, this proposal only addresses amounts reported in financial statements. Measuring or tracking an entity’s voluntary emissions initiatives or actual greenhouse gas emissions are not addressed by the FASB or these proposed amendments. 

The FASB is accepting review and input until April 15, 2025. The proposed ASU and information on how to submit comments is available at www.fasb.org

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