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Parents boost college savings to avoid crushing student loan debt

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Kathryn Bracho, 48, with her husband, Michael, and their two sons, Declan and Taran.

Courtesy: Kathryn Bracho

With federal student loan forgiveness in jeopardy and the rising cost of college now a top concern for students and their families, more Americans are prioritizing saving for higher education.

In 2024, 74% of parents surveyed have started putting money away for college, according to Fidelity’s College Savings Indicator — a spike from 58% in 2007, when the study was first conducted. Fidelity polled nearly 2,000 families with children high school age and younger between April and May. 

“My husband and I just kept hearing from people with older kids about just how expensive college is,” said Kathryn Bracho, 48, who lives in Green Bay, Wisconsin.

Bracho and her husband, Michael, started contributing to college savings accounts in 2017 so their sons — Declan, 15, and Taran, 12 — would have options after high school, she said.

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“I don’t know that we have as much as we had hoped, but just the fact that we’ve been steadily contributing gives me a certain degree of reassurance,” she said. “They’ll have to take out some loans but it hopefully won’t be that crushing burden.”

To be sure, sky-high costs and concerns over ballooning student loan balances have weighed heavily on considerations about college for students and their parents.

“Families are beginning to row together in the same direction and realize the value of higher education and what they want to get out of higher education,” said Chris McGee, chair of the College Savings Foundation, a nonprofit that provides public policy support for 529 plans.

“Nobody wants to be part of the $1.7 trillion,” McGee said, referencing the total amount of outstanding student loan debt.

How savings plays into covering college costs

David Ochs, a physician in Richmond, Virginia, owed $315,000 in education loans by the time he finished his residency. “It’s been miserable,” the 39-year-old said.

Now as the father of two sons, ages 1 and 5, Ochs said he started saving for their college educations soon after they were born because he didn’t want them to experience the same hardship. “All of a sudden your life is all about trying to get out of a strangling debt.”

Still, contributing to their 529 plans has necessitated sacrifices such as forgoing extra payments toward his student loans, he added. “I think it’s a gesture of love.”

Is it best to go to college or dive straight into the working world?

Among the 94% of parents funding their children’s higher education, almost half say that savings is their primary way of paying the tab, a new report by the College Savings Foundation found. The annual State of Higher Ed Savings survey polled more than 1,000 parents of children age 25 and younger in July. 

For the first time in the College Savings Foundation survey’s history, more than half of all parents said they are tapping a 529 college savings plan.

In 2024, total investments in 529s jumped to $450.5 billion in June, up nearly 10% from $412.5 billion the year before, according to data from College Savings Plans Network, a network of state-administered college savings programs.

Financial experts and plan investors agree that 529 plans are a smart choice for many. And yet, in previous years, data shows that regular contributions to a 529 college savings plan often took a back seat to paying more pressing bills or daily expenses.

Even now, parents hope to use savings to pay for 67% of their child’s education, but only 30% are on track to hit that goal, Fidelity found.

“A college education is still valuable, but it’s the lack of planning that’s a little bit alarming,” said Tony Durkan, a vice president and head of 529 relationship management at Fidelity Investments.

The benefits of a 529 college savings plan

Among other recent changes, higher contribution limits and the flexibility to roll unused money into a Roth individual retirement account free of income tax or tax penalties have helped boost interest, McGee said.

The restrictions around 529s have also loosened to include continuing education classes, apprenticeship programs and even student loan payments.

“The legislative updates that have come through have certainly broken down barriers to entry to 529 plans,” Fidelity’s Durkan said.

Here’s a closer look at some of the changes:

New Roth IRA rollover rules

Thanks to Secure 2.0, as of 2024, families can roll over unused 529 plan funds to the account beneficiary’s Roth IRA without triggering income taxes or penalties. Among other qualifications, the 529 plan must have been open for at least 15 years.

That change follows the Secure Act of 2019, which let 529 users put some of the funds toward their student loan tab: up to $10,000 per year for each plan beneficiary, as well as another $10,000 for each of the beneficiary’s siblings.

Previously, tax-advantaged withdrawals were limited to qualified education expenses, such as tuition, fees, books, and room and board. Now, 529s offer much more flexibility, even for those who never go to college, Chris Lynch, president of tuition financing at TIAA, told CNBC last year.

In that case, you could transfer the funds to another beneficiary or withdraw them and pay taxes and a penalty on the earnings. If your student earns a scholarship, you can typically withdraw up to the amount of the scholarship penalty-free.

Higher maximum contribution limits

This year, parents can gift up to $18,000, or up to $36,000 if you’re married and file taxes jointly, per child without those contributions counting toward your lifetime gift tax exemption. That’s up from $17,000 and $34,000 for married couples filing jointly in 2023. 

High-net-worth families that want to help fund a family member’s higher education could also consider “superfunding” 529 accounts, which allows frontloading five years’ worth of tax-free gifts into a 529 plan.

In this case, you could contribute up to $90,000 this year, or $180,000 for a married couple. But then you wouldn’t be able to give more money to that same recipient within a five-year period without it counting against your lifetime gift tax exemption.

A larger lump-sum contribution upfront may potentially generate more earnings compared with the same size contribution spread out over a few years because it has a longer time horizon, according to Fidelity.

New grandparent ‘loophole’

A new simplified Free Application for Federal Student Aid rolled out at the end of last year, with added benefits for grandparents who own 529 accounts for their grandchildren.

Under the old FAFSA rules, assets held in grandparent-owned 529 college savings plans were not reported on the FAFSA form, but distributions from those accounts counted as untaxed student income, which could reduce aid by up to half of that income.

As part of the FAFSA simplification, students no longer have to answer questions about contributions from a grandparent, effectively creating a “loophole” for grandparents to save for a grandchild’s college without impacting their financial aid eligibility.

Tax deductions or credits for contributions

Even before recent changes, there were already many advantages to a 529 plan. In more than half of all U.S. states, you can get a tax deduction or credit for contributions. Earnings grow on a tax-advantaged basis, and when you withdraw the money, it is tax-free if the funds are used for qualified education expenses.

A few states also offer additional benefits, such as scholarships or matching grants, to their residents if they invest in their home state’s 529 plan.

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Personal Finance

Maximizing Returns in High Rate Climate and market uncertainty

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Maximizing Returns in High-Rate Climate

In the macroeconomic environment of late July 2026, personal cash management requires an active, structured approach to wealth preservation. With central bank benchmark rates remaining elevated to ensure long-term disinflation, conservative yield-bearing vehicles—such as short-term U.S. Treasury bills, money market funds, and high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs)—continue to offer reliable nominal returns between 4% and 5%. For individual investors, maximizing net returns requires moving beyond passive checking accounts and executing a disciplined cash laddering strategy.

Leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional bank deposits creates an invisible drag on personal net worth due to ongoing inflation. By implementing a tiered liquidity framework, individuals can split emergency cash reserves and short-term capital allocations across rolling maturities. Allocating cash into 4-week, 8-week, and 13-week Treasury bills creates a continuous cycle of maturing liquidity, allowing investors to continuously reinvest capital at prevailing market yields while maintaining immediate access to emergency funds.

Tax efficiency represents a critical dimension of high-yield cash optimization. For high-earning individuals residing in states with substantial local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury instruments often deliver superior net post-tax yields compared to standard commercial bank HYSAs. Because interest earned on federal Treasury bills is strictly exempt from state and local taxation, investors can retain a larger portion of their compounding interest gains without taking on additional credit or market risk.

Ultimately, personal wealth accumulation in mid-2026 relies on intentional capital deployment. Cash should be managed as a productive asset class that generates consistent, risk-free returns. Regularly auditing account yield terms, automating recurring transfers, and leveraging tax-advantaged fixed-income instruments ensures that personal liquidity remains fully optimized against macroeconomic fluctuations.

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Algorithmic Wealth Management: Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

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Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

The personal finance industry in July 2026 is experiencing a technological evolution, driven by the wide deployment of next-generation algorithmic wealth management tools. Modern digital financial platforms have expanded far beyond basic automated index investing; today’s robo-advisors utilize real-time tax-loss harvesting, dynamic portfolio rebalancing, and hyper-personalized spending analysis to optimize retail investor outcomes. However, as these digital solutions become ubiquitous, investors face the crucial challenge of balancing automated execution with human strategic judgment.

The core advantage of automated financial planning platforms lies in their ability to remove emotional bias from investment execution. During periods of market volatility or localized sector realignments, automated algorithms systematically rebalance portfolios back to target asset allocations without falling victim to panic selling or speculative enthusiasm. Furthermore, integrated cash-flow monitoring algorithms analyze individual spending patterns in real time, automatically sweeping surplus income into designated retirement or debt-liquidation accounts to accelerate net worth accumulation.

Despite these operational advantages, algorithmic tools have inherent structural limitations when addressing complex, highly personalized financial life events. Decisions involving multi-generational estate planning, highly complex tax strategies, small business exits, or nuanced real estate transactions require contextual human judgment that software models cannot replicate. Relying solely on automated models without periodic human professional review can result in misaligned risk profiles or overlooked tax liabilities during major life transitions.

The optimal approach for personal financial planning in late 2026 is a hybrid advisory model. Individuals should utilize automated platforms for routine asset allocation, continuous tax optimization, and low-cost passive index tracking, while engaging qualified human financial advisors for periodic strategic planning, estate structuring, and qualitative risk evaluations. This dual approach ensures maximum cost efficiency and disciplined execution while retaining essential strategic guidance.

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High-Yield Optimization: Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

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Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

In the financial environment of mid-2026, personal cash management has re-emerged as a vital component of holistic wealth building. With central bank policy rates holding firm to maintain long-term price stability, yield-bearing instruments such as money market funds, high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs), and short-term Treasury bills continue to offer compounding returns around 4% to 5%. For individual investors, effectively structuring cash reserves requires shifting away from passive bank deposits toward active yield optimization.

A frequent pitfall in personal asset management is leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional checking or low-yield savings accounts, where real returns are continuously eroded by baseline inflation. By implementing a disciplined ‘cash ladder’ strategy—allocating liquid funds across tiered maturities using ultra-short Treasury instruments and FDIC-insured high-yield accounts—individuals can secure maximal yields while retaining immediate liquidity for emergency expenses or tactical investment opportunities.

Simultaneously, investors must evaluate the tax efficiency of their cash holdings based on their tax bracket and geographic location. For high earners situated in states with high local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury bills often yield a higher net post-tax return than standard high-yield savings accounts, as Treasury interest is strictly exempt from state and local taxation. Understanding these nuanced tax distinctions allows individuals to capture significant incremental gains without taking on additional market risk.

Ultimately, personal financial health in late 2026 hinges on intentional liquidity management. Cash reserves should not be viewed merely as static emergency funds, but as a dynamic asset class that contributes positively to net worth growth. Regularly auditing yield terms, automating cash transfers, and optimizing for post-tax efficiency ensures that personal capital remains fully productive across all economic conditions.

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