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PCAOB ramp up enforcement against auditors

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Enforcement by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board against auditors in 2024 is off to its fastest start in recent years, according to a new report. 

The report, released last week by the Brattle Group, found that under PCAOB chair Erica Williams’ leadership, the PCAOB has already brought more actions — 34 actions against 45 respondents — in the first six months of this year than each year under its previous leadership in 2018–2021.

In comparison, through June of last year, the PCAOB brought seven enforcement matters involving nine respondents (three individuals and six firms). Twenty of the 34 actions (59%) brought by the PCAOB during the first half of 2024 involved U.S. respondents (12 individuals and 15 firms). In the 14 actions involving non-U.S. respondents in the first half of 2024, eight individual respondents and 10 firms were charged. Approximately 30% of PCAOB actions disclosed in the first half of 2024 involved respondents associated with the six largest global networks. More than half of the actions involving firm respondents in the first half of 2024 alleged violations related to firms’ systems of quality control.

In contrast, SEC activity through the first half of 2024 is at its lowest levels in recent years. The SEC initiated three actions in the first half of 2024 involving four respondents (two individuals and two firms). In comparison, in the first half of 2018, the year with the highest H1 activity in the analysis’s sample, the SEC initiated 13 actions involving 17 respondents (nine individuals and eight firms). Neither of the two SEC actions involving firm respondents alleged violations related to the firms’ systems of quality control.

PCAOB logo - office - NEW 2022

The report attributes the low level of enforcement activity to the SEC awaiting the outcome of a Supreme Court decision involving the use of administrative law judges, who typically preside over cases instead of the overcrowded courts in order to speed cases. Ultimately, the Supreme Court curtailed the SEC’s ability to use the in-house judges and gave defendants the right to bring the case to a federal jury.

“The low levels of SEC enforcement activity in the first half of 2024 may be due, in part, to uncertainties related to the constitutionality of the SEC’s in-house ALJs while the agency awaited the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in the SEC v Jarkesy matter,” said the report. “For example, on April 29, 2024, the SEC agreed to stay an in-house proceeding against a partner at accounting firm Marcum LLP, postponing the proceeding until 30 days after the Supreme Court issued its decision in Jarkesy.”

The PCAOB imposed penalties of nearly $35 million in the first half of 2024, more than the combined penalties imposed by the SEC and PCAOB during all of 2023 and three of the four years under the SEC and PCAOB’s prior administrations. In comparison, the PCAOB imposed a then-record $20 million during all of 2023, up from its previous annual high of $11 million in 2022. The $35 million in penalties in the first half of 2024 was driven by one mega-settlement of $25 million with KPMG Netherlands in April.

That represented the largest penalty in PCAOB history and was more than three times greater than the regulator’s prior record of $8 million imposed on a firm in 2016.

“Even setting aside the $25 million settlement, penalties in 2024 are outpacing 2023,” said the report. “Monetary penalties were imposed on respondents in more than 95% of actions initiated in H1 2024.”

Five firm respondents settled for $1 million or more, while four firms were required to engage an independent consultant. The PCAOB took four firm respondents’ cooperation into consideration when determining sanctions.

The SEC imposed monetary penalties of $14 million in the two actions that were finalized in the first half 2024. Despite finalizing only two actions in the first half of 2024, penalties in the first half of 2024 are greater than the $11.5 million imposed by the SEC in all of 2023 and three of the four full years under the SEC’s prior administration.

The SEC imposed severe nonmonetary penalties in both actions it settled in the first half of 2024. In one settlement, the SEC required a firm respondent to retain an independent consultant. In the second action, both the firm (BF Borgers) and individual respondents were permanently barred.

“PCAOB enforcement in 2024 is off to its fastest start in the agency’s history, bringing 34 actions against 45 respondents and imposing a record $35 million in penalties by the end of June,” said Brattle principal Alison Forman, who authored the report with associate Adam Karageorge, in a statement. “And the SEC, despite settling only two actions in the first half of the year, has already imposed higher penalties on auditors so far in 2024 than in all of 2023.”

The report also includes a discussion of how developments in the first half of 2024 – including the Supreme Court’s decision in SEC v. Jarkesy and amendments to PCAOB Rule 3502 governing contributory liability — could profoundly impact enforcement activity against auditors moving forward.

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XcelLabs launches to help accountants use AI

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Jody Padar, an author and speaker known as “The Radical CPA,” and Katie Tolin, a growth strategist for CPAs, together launched a training and technology platform called XcelLabs.

XcelLabs provides solutions to help accountants use artificial technology fluently and strategically. The Pennsylvania Institute of CPAs and CPA Crossings joined with Padar and Tolin as strategic partners and investors.

“To reinvent the profession, we must start by training the professional who can then transform their firms,” Padar said in a statement. “By equipping people with data and insights that help them see things differently, they can provide better advice to their clients and firm.”

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Jody Padar

The platform includes XcelLabs Academy, a series of educational online courses on the basics of AI, being a better advisor, leadership and practice management; Navi, a proprietary tool that uses AI to help accountants turn unstructured data like emails, phone calls and meetings into insights; and training and consulting services. These offerings are currently in beta testing.

“Accountants know they need to be more advisory, but not everyone can figure out how to do it,” Tolin said in a statement. “Couple that with the fact that AI will be doing a lot of the lower-level work accountants do today, and we need to create that next level advisor now. By showing accountants how to unlock patterns in their actions and turn client conversations into emotionally intelligent advice, we can create the accounting professional of the future.”

Tolin-Katie-CPA Growth Guides

Katie Tolin

“AI is transforming how CPAs work, and XcelLabs is focused on helping the profession evolve with it,” PICPA CEO Jennifer Cryder said in a statement. “At PICPA, we’re proud to support a mission that aligns so closely with ours: empowering firms to use AI not just for efficiency, but to drive growth, value and long-term relevance.”

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Accounting is changing, and the world can’t wait until 2026

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The accountant the world urgently needs has evolved far beyond the traditional role we recognized just a few years ago. 

The transformation of the accounting profession is not merely an anticipated change; it is a pressing reality that is currently shaping business decisions, academic programs and the expected contributions of professionals. Yet, in many areas, accounting education stubbornly clings to outdated, overly technical models that fail to connect with the actual demands of the market. We must confront a critical question: If we continue to train accountants solely to file tax reports, are we truly equipping them for the challenges of today’s world? 

This shift in mindset extends beyond individual countries or educational systems; it is a global movement. The recent announcement of the CIMA/CGMA 2026 syllabus has made it unmistakably clear: merely knowing how to post journal entries is insufficient. Today’s accountants are required to interpret the landscape, anticipate risks and act with strategic awareness. Critical thinking, sustainable finance, technology and human behavior are not just supplementary topics; they are essential components in the education of any professional seeking to remain relevant. 

The CIMA/CGMA proposal for 2026 is not just a curriculum update; it is a powerful manifesto. This new program positions analytical thinking, strategic business partnering and technology application at the core of accounting education. It unequivocally highlights sustainability, aligning with IFRS S1 and S2, and expands the accountant’s responsibilities beyond mere numbers to encompass conscious leadership, environmental impact and corporate governance. 

The current changes in the accounting profession underscore an urgent shift in expectations from both educators and employers. Today, companies of all sizes and industries demand accountants who can do far more than interpret balance sheets. They expect professionals who grasp the deeper context behind the numbers, identify inconsistencies, anticipate potential issues before they escalate into losses, and act decisively as a bridge between data and decision making. 

To meet these expectations, a radical mindset shift is essential. There are firms still operating on autopilot, mindlessly repeating tasks with minimal critical analysis. Likewise, many academic programs continue to treat accounting as purely a technical discipline, disregarding the vital elements of reflection, strategy and behavioral insight. This outdated approach creates a significant mismatch. While the world forges ahead, parts of the accounting profession remain stuck in the past. 

The consequences of this shift are already becoming evident. The demand for compliance, transparency and sustainability now applies not only to large corporations but also to small and mid-sized businesses. Many of these organizations rely on professionals ill-equipped to drive the necessary changes, putting both business performance and the reputation of the profession at risk. 

The positive news is that accountants who are ready to thrive in this new era do not necessarily need additional degrees. What they truly need is a commitment to awareness, a dedication to continuous learning, and the courage to step beyond their comfort zones. The future of accounting is here, and it is firmly rooted in analytical, strategic and human-oriented perspectives. The 2026 curriculum is a clear indication of the changes underway. Those who fail to think critically and holistically will be left behind. 

In contrast, accountants who see the big picture, understand the ripple effects of their decisions, and actively contribute to the financial and ethical health of organizations will undeniably remain indispensable, anywhere in the world.

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Republicans push Musk aside as Trump tax bill barrels forward

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Congressional Republicans are siding with Donald Trump in the messy divorce between the president and Elon Musk, an optimistic sign for eventual passage of a tax cut bill at the root of the two billionaires’ public feud.

Lawmakers are largely taking their cues from Trump and sticking by the $3 trillion bill at the center of the White House’s economic agenda. Musk, the biggest political donor of the 2024 cycle, has threatened to help primary anyone who votes for the legislation, but lawmakers are betting that staying in the president’s good graces is the safer path to political survival.

“The tax bill is not in jeopardy. We are going to deliver on that,” House Speaker Mike Johnson told reporters on Friday.

“I’ll tell you what — do not doubt, don’t second guess and do not challenge the President of the United States Donald Trump,” he added. “He is the leader of the party. He’s the most consequential political figure of our time.”

A fight between Trump and Musk exploded into public view this week. The sparring started with the tech titan calling the president’s tax bill a “disgusting abomination,” but quickly escalated to more personal attacks and Trump threatening to cancel all federal contracts and subsidies to Musk’s companies, such as Tesla Inc. and SpaceX which have benefitted from government ties.

Republicans on Capitol Hill, who had —  until recently — publicly embraced Musk, said they weren’t swayed by the billionaire’s criticism that the bill cost too much. Lawmakers have refuted official estimates of the package, saying that the tax cuts for households, small businesses and politically important groups — including hospitality and hourly workers — will generate enough economic growth to offset the price tag.

“I don’t tell my friend Elon, I don’t argue with him about how to build rockets, and I wish he wouldn’t argue with me about how to craft legislation and pass it,” Johnson told CNBC earlier Friday.

House Budget Committee Chair Jodey Arrington told reporters that House lawmakers are focused on working with the Senate as it revises the bill to make sure the legislation has the political support in both chambers to make it to Trump’s desk for his signature. 

“We move past the drama and we get the substance of what is needed to make the modest improvements that can be made,” he said.

House fiscal hawks said that they hadn’t changed their prior positions on the legislation based on Musk’s statements. They also said they agree with GOP leaders that there will be other chances to make further spending cuts outside the tax bill. 

Representative Tom McClintock, a fiscal conservative, said “the bill will pass because it has to pass,” adding that both Musk and Trump needed to calm down. “They both need to take a nap,” he said.

Even some of the House bill’s most vociferous critics appeared resigned to its passage. Kentucky Representative Thomas Massie, who voted against the House version, predicted that despite Musk’s objections, the Senate will make only small changes.

“The speaker is right about one thing. This barely passed the House. If they muck with it too much in the Senate, it may not pass the House again,” he said.

Trump is pressuring lawmakers to move at breakneck speed to pass the tax-cut bill, demanding they vote on the bill before the July 4 holiday. The president has been quick to blast critics of the bill — including calling Senator Rand Paul “crazy” for objecting to the inclusion of a debt ceiling increase in the package.

As the legislation worked its way through the House last month, Trump took to social media to criticize holdouts and invited undecided members to the White House to compel them to support the package. It passed by one vote.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune — who is planning to unveil his chamber’s version of the bill as soon as next week — said his timeline is unmoved by Musk. 

“We are already pretty far down the trail,” he said.

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