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Slower economic growth is likely ahead with risk of a recession rising, according to the CNBC Fed Survey

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Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell testifies before the Senate Banking Committee in the Hart Senate Office Building on Capitol Hill on February 11, 2025 in Washington, DC. 

Chip Somodevilla | Getty Images News | Getty Images

Respondents to the March CNBC Fed Survey have raised the risk of recession to the highest level in six months, cut their growth forecast for 2025 and raised their inflation outlook.

Much of the change appears to stem from concern over fiscal policies from the Trump administration, especially tariffs, which are now seen by them as the top threat to the US economy, replacing inflation. The outlook for the S&P 500 declined for the first time since September.

The 32 survey respondents, who include fund managers, strategists and analysts, raised the probability of recession to 36% from 23% in January. The January number had dropped to a three-year low and looked to have reflected initial optimism following the election of President Trump.  But like many consumer and business surveys, the recession probability now shows considerable concern about the outlook.

“We’ve had an abundance of discussions with investors who are increasingly concerned the Trump agenda has gone off the rails due to trade policy,” said Barry Knapp of Ironsides Macroeconomics. “Consequently, the economic risks of something more insidious than a soft patch are growing.”

“The degree of policy volatility is unprecedented,” said John Donaldson, director of fixed income at Haverford Trust.

The average GDP forecast for 2025 declined to 1.7% from 2.4%, a sharp markdown that ended consecutive increases in the three prior surveys dating back to September. GDP is forecast to bounced back to 2.1% in 2026, in line with prior forecasts.

“The risks to consumers’ spending are skewed to the downside,” said Neil Dutta, head of economic research at Renaissance Macro Research. “Alongside a frozen housing market and less spending across state and local governments, there is meaningful downside to current estimates of 2025 GDP.”

Fed rate cut outlook

Most continue to believe the Fed will cut rates at least twice and won’t hike rates, even if faced with persistently higher prices and weaker growth. Three-quarters forecast two or more quarter-point cuts this year. Part of the reason is that two-thirds believe that tariffs will result in one-time price hikes rather than a broader outbreak of inflation. But the policy uncertainty has created a wider range of views on the Fed than normal with 19% believing the Fed won’t cut at all.

Still, higher tariffs and weaker growth are a dilemma for the Fed.

“Powell is really stuck here because of the tariff overhang,” said Peter Boockvar, chief investment officer, Bleakley Financial Group. “If he gets more worried about growth because of them and cuts rates as unemployment rises but then Trump removes all the tariffs, he’s jumped the gun.”

More than 70% of respondents believe tariffs are bad for inflation, jobs and growth. 34% say tariffs will decrease US manufacturing with 22% saying they will result in no change. Thirty-seven percent of respondents believe tariffs will end up in greater manufacturing output. More than 70% believe the DOGE effort to reduce government employment is bad for growth and jobs but will be modestly deflationary.

“A global trade war, haphazard DOGE cuts to government jobs and funding, aggressive immigrant deportations, and dysfunction in DC threaten to push what was an exceptionally performing economy into recession,” said Mark Zandi, chief economist, Moody’s Analytics.

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Stocks making the biggest moves midday: Frontier Group, JPMorgan, Apple, Stellantis, BlackRock and more

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These are the stocks posting the largest moves in midday trading.

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March inflation drops to lowest point in more than 3 years

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Egg prices keep soaring, but inflation is moving in the right direction. (iStock)

Consumer prices fell 0.1% in March, according to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This is the first monthly drop since July 2022.

Annual inflation increased 2.4% compared to a 2.8% increase registered in February. Core inflation, which excludes volatile energy and food prices, grew at a pace of 2.8% over the last year, the smallest 12-month increase since March 2021. A decline of 6.3% in gas prices more than offset increases in the indexes for electricity and natural gas. Food, however, rose 0.4% in March. The meats, poultry, fish and eggs index rose 7.9% over the last 12 months and the price of eggs alone jumped 60.4%.

Inflation continues to move towards the Federal Reserve’s 2% target rate. Still, the impact of President Donald Trump’s implementation of new tariff measures could derail this progress and hinder economic growth, according to Jim Baird, Plante Moran Financial Advisors’ chief investment officer.

“As consumers brace for the impact of tariffs on prices on a host of staples and discretionary goods, there’s considerable uncertainty on what that near-term magnitude of the impact will be for growth and inflation, although the direction for each is clearer,” Baird said. “That’s sent economists scrambling to update their forecasts to lower growth and increase expected inflation for the duration of the year.”

Despite concerns about the effects of President Trump’s tariffs, the Fed continues to hold interest rates steady, and it’s not expected to make any significant changes soon, including a potential rate cut. While tariffs could lead to higher inflation and slower economic growth, the Fed is waiting for more clarity on the full impact of these policies before deciding on any course of action. 

If you are struggling with high inflation, consider taking out a personal loan to pay down debt at a lower interest rate, reducing your monthly payments. Visit Credible to find your personalized interest rate without affecting your credit score.

MORTGAGE RATES HIT A TWO-MONTH LOW THIS WEEK, REMAIN UNDER 7%

Recession risks increasing

President Trump’s tariffs are also contributing to an increased risk of recession. Several major financial institutions, including Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan, have raised their recession probabilities. According to Baird, part of the problem is that as prices rise due to tariffs, consumers may decide to curb their spending.

“Sentiment has soured in recent months, and there are already signs of not only a more cautious mood but more constrained spending,” Baird said. “Prices may rise, but that doesn’t mean that consumers will pay any price for any product. Some may grumble but continue to spend, but many are much more likely to trade down to cheaper alternatives or delay discretionary purchases.

“That reality raises the probability of a more notable slowdown in the pace of the economy, with the risk of recession also rising,” Baird continued.

You can take out a personal loan before future rate hikes to help pay down high-interest debt. Visit Credible to find your personal loan rate without affecting your credit score.

CALIFORNIA’S HOMEOWNERS INSURANCE INDUSTRY FACES ROUGH ROAD AHEAD AS WILDFIRES CONTINUE

Spring homebuying season looks promising

March shelter inflation data showed it dropped to 4.0% from 4.2% in February. That’s good news since shelter inflation has been a major force in keeping inflation elevated in recent years and could help move the needle on interest rates.

Mortgage rates continue to trend down, remaining under 7% for the twelfth consecutive week and could boost spring sales, according to Freddie Mac Chief Economist Sam Khater.

“As purchase applications continue to climb, the spring homebuying season is shaping up to look more favorable than last year,” Khater said.

The average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage was 6.62% for the week ending April 10, according to Freddie Mac’s latest Primary Mortgage Market Survey. That’s a decrease from the previous week, when it averaged 6.64% and lower than the 6.88% it was a year ago. 

“Unfortunately, inflation remains painfully stubborn, well above the Fed’s 2% target for lowering rates,” said Gabe Abshire, Move Concierge CEO. “Considering the housing sector has lower exposure to the current global trade environment, it would be helpful for the Fed to lower rates and boost the Spring and Summer home buying market.”

If you want to become a homeowner, you can find your best mortgage rates by shopping around. Visit Credible to compare your options without affecting your credit score. 

FHFA ANNOUNCES HIGHER MORTGAGE LOAN LIMITS FOR 2025

Have a finance-related question, but don’t know who to ask? Email The Credible Money Expert at [email protected] and your question might be answered by Credible in our Money Expert column.

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Tariff turmoil and bond market shock: More challenges ahead?

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Inside the mystery of rising bond yields and why the sector is still attractive

A global trade slowdown tied to U.S. tariffs will likely create a more challenging environment for bond fund managers, according to financial futurist Dave Nadig.

“All of these capital holding requirements that led to buying U.S. Treasurys are kind of unwinding at the same time,” the former ETF.com CEO told CNBC’s “ETF Edge” on Wednesday. “So, the traditional math of things are bad for stocks, [and] everybody is going to buy bond just isn’t working out this time because the kind of shock we’re seeing is one we’ve never seen before.”  

The benchmark 10-year Treasury Note yield increased to 4.4% on Thursday. The yield is up more than 10 percent just this week. Last Friday, it touched 3.86%.

Nadig thinks slowing trade will continue to impact market activity.

“When you have less trade, you need to finance less trade,” he said. “Historically, people have needed to finance dollars. That’s why every country in the world buys U.S. Treasurys. It helps them manage their international trade with the United States. So, if we’re slowing down the amount of international trade, we should expect in aggregate the holdings of bonds to probably come down.”

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