A television station broadcasts the Federal Reserve’s interest-rate cut on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in New York, US, on Wednesday, Dec. 18, 2024.
Michael Nagle | Bloomberg | Getty Images
Wall Street’s fear gauge — the VIX — spiked by the second biggest percentage in its history on Wednesday, after the Federal Reserve jolted the stock market by saying it would dial back its rate-cutting campaign.
The CBOE Volatility Index surged 74% to close at 27.62, up from around 15 earlier in the day. That surge is the second-greatest in history, behind a 115% leap to above the 37 handle back in February 2018 when there was a blow-up in funds tracking the volatility index.
Wednesday’s move comes after the central bank said it will likely lower interest rates just twice next year, down from the four cuts it projected back in September, alarming investors who wanted low rates to keep fueling the bull market. The Dow Jones Industrial Average tumbled by 1,100 points to its 10th straight loss.
Typically, a value greater than 20 in the VIX indicates a higher level of fear in the market. However, for most of this year, the VIX had been suppressed below that level, worrying investors who believed the market had gotten overly complacent.
The VIX is calculated based on the prices of put and call options on the S&P 500. A spike could indicate a rush by investors to purchase put options for protection in a decline.
CBOE Volatility Index, 5 days
Still, there have been one other significant surge in the VIX in 2024. The third-biggest surge in the VIX in history occurred in Aug. 5, 2024, when fears of a U.S. recession, and a major unwind in the yen carry trade, spurred a roughly 65% increase in the VIX to close above 38. On an intraday basis, the VIX briefly topped 65 that day.
On Thursday, the VIX was last floating just above the 20 handle, down more than 25% from the prior day.
As Chinese markets prepare for higher tariffs and hope for more government stimulus , Citigroup analysts say some of their top picks are high-yielding mainland stocks. “Yield plays in the A-share market have become more attractive amid the government bond yield drop,” Citi China equity strategists said in a report last week, referring to stocks that trade in mainland China. The persistent decline in China’s 10-year government bond yield — to record lows around 1.58% this month— prompted the People’s Bank of China on Jan. 10 to stop its government bond purchases . The yield has traded little changed around 1.64% in the week since. Citi analysts say the Chinese 10-year government bond yield can fall still further, given expectations that in the year ahead the PBOC will cut interest rates by 50 basis points and the required reserve ratio — the amount of cash banks need to keep on hand — by 100 basis points. One basis point equals 1/100th of a percentage point (0.01%). Meanwhile, rising U.S. Treasury yields, at least partly on expectations of tariff-induced inflation in the U.S., helped send Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index tumbling more than 8% between early December and mid-January, Citi said. Mainland Chinese stocks held up better, falling 6% — which Citi analysts attributed to easier monetary policy and falling Chinese government bond yields. Three of Citi’s top mainland Chinese stock picks by yield are Shanghai-listed electric bus company Yutong Bus and two Shenzhen-listed names: Gree Electric Appliances and Ping An Bank . Long-term investors have preferred China high-yield stocks for years, and the advantages have become more apparent with slower economic growth and lower bond yields, said Ye Yuhua, money manager at Guangzhou-based Liangdian Private Capital. Banks and home appliance stocks have tended to see yields of 4% to 6%, far above the sub-2% government bond yield benchmark, he said. The concern, however, is that high dividend yields are not necessarily a given, especially for stocks sensitive to commodity prices. Unpacking the tariff impact President-elect Donald Trump has vowed to impose additional tariffs of at least 10% on Chinese goods soon after his inauguration on Monday. Citi economists expect U.S. tariffs to kick in starting in the second quarter and increase in stages of around 15 percentage points, which they estimate could hit China’s exports by 6% and GDP by 1%. Citi analysts said that based on recent meetings with Chinese officials in several departments, their “key takeaway was that China is aiming at steady economic growth, which would hinge [on] external tariffs and domestic stimulus.” The analysts anticipate a short-term stock rally in March if the U.S. and China reach an agreement to gradually hike tariffs. “But this is unlikely to alter the deflationary outlook in China or resolve structural issues,” the Citi analysts said, noting they expect “high dividend yield bank stocks [will] become more attractive to yield-seeking onshore investors.” China on Friday reported GDP grew by 5% in 2024 , matching government targets. But when accounting for lower prices and other deflationary pressure, the economy expanded by just 4.2% in 2024, pointed out Larry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie. The ability of policymakers to turn around an almost two-year-long deflationary trend will depend on the effectiveness of fiscal policy and support for the real estate market. Chinese authorities have pledged to increase the fiscal deficit at an annual parliamentary meeting in March, when they’re also expected to reveal other stimulus measures. — CNBC’s Michael Bloom contributed to this report.
Check out the companies making headlines in midday trading. Crypto stocks – Stocks tied to crypto prices jumped amid reports that President-elect Donald Trump could release an executive order making crypto a national priority as soon as the first day of his new term. Shares of crypto exchange operators Coinbase and Robinhood advanced 4.5% and 6%, respectively. Trading activity in small cap cryptocurrencies benefits trading platforms. Bitcoin proxies MicroStrategy and Mara Holdings gained 6% and 10%, respectively. Novo Nordisk — Shares slipped 5% after the company’s semaglutide, which is the active ingredient in the its diabetes drugs Ozempic and Rybelsus and its obesity treatment Wegovy, landed on a list of drugs that will be included in Medicare’s next round of price negotiations . Qorvo – Shares gained more than 12% after activist investor Starboard Value disclosed a 7.7% stake in Qorvo and is seeking changes to improve the company’s share price. Vistra — The energy company’s stock shed 1.9% after a major fire erupted at its battery-storage facility in Northern California and led to the evacuation of nearby residents. MoonLake Immunotherapeutics — The biopharma stock added 4% following an upgrade to buy from neutral at Goldman Sachs. Analyst Richard Law said that the company’s experimental treatment for a chronic skin condition, SLK, could “potentially deliver best-in-class results.” Lam Research , Applied Materials — The semiconductor equipment stocks rose 1.3% and 2.2%, respectively, after KeyBanc Capital Markets upgraded both companies to overweight from sector weight. Lam Research and Applied Materials have exposure to artificial intelligence-related devices that should lead their stocks higher, the firm said. J.B. Hunt — The transport stock fell 6% after a fourth-quarter earnings miss. J.B. Hunt generated $1.53 in earnings per share, while analysts surveyed by LSEG were looking for $1.61. The company reported that revenue declined year over year in each of its major business segments. Fastenal — Shares of the fastener distributor added 1% even though the company missed fourth-quarter expectations due to ongoing manufacturing-related challenges. Fastenal earned 46 cents per share on revenue of $1.82 billion, while analysts polled by FactSet were expecting 48 cents per share on $1.84 billion in revenue. The company did see higher unit sales during the quarter amid growth at locations opened in the past two years. Life360 — The location-sharing app’s stock rallied 8% after UBS upgraded it to buy from neutral , citing more confidence in the company’s midterm ad revenue opportunity. Intel — Shares of the chipmaker popped by 8% as the beaten-up chipmaker continues to be a part of takeover speculation following the departure of its CEO in December. The stock, which was booted from the Dow in November, is still down more than 50% in the last 12 months. — CNBC’s Alex Harring, Sean Conlon, Jesse Pound, Tanaya Macheel, Samantha Subin, Lisa Han and Michelle Fox contributed reporting.
Check out the companies making headlines before the bell. J.B. Hunt Transport Services – Shares fell more than 7% after the company’s fourth-quarter earnings came in weaker than expected. J.B. Hunt earned $1.53 per share, below the LSEG consensus estimate of $1.61 per share. Meanwhile, revenue for the period came in line with expectations at $3.15 billion. Qorvo – The stock rose more than 7% after The Wall Street Journal, citing people familiar with the matter, reported that activist investor Starboard Value has built a 7.7% stake in the company and is looking to make changes to boost the company’s share price. MoonLake Immunotherapeutics – The biotech stock jumped more than 4% after receiving an upgrade to buy from neutral at Goldman Sachs. The firm cited the anticipation of positive phase 3 trial data for its treatment of a chronic skin condition known as hidradenitis suppurativa. Fastenal – Shares dropped more than 4% after the company’s fourth-quarter earnings and revenue missed Wall Street’s expectations. Fastenal earned 46 cents per share on revenue of $1.82 billion, while analysts polled by FactSet were expecting 48 cents per share on $1.84 billion in revenue. Life360 – The location-sharing app’s stock moved more than 3% higher after UBS upgraded it to buy from neutral , citing more confidence in the company’s midterm ad revenue opportunity as a catalyst. Rivian Automotive – The electric vehicle maker’s stock rose 2.6% after the company finalized a loan agreement with the Department of Energy for up to $6.6 billion to help build a new manufacturing site in Georgia. Construction is set to begin in 2026 with the production of customer vehicles expected to happen in 2028, according to the Thursday press release. Apple – The iPhone maker gained nearly 1%, clawing back some of the losses seen in the previous session. On Thursday, Apple shares fell around 4%, experiencing its worst day since August, on the backs of reports of lackluster iPhone sales in China . Lam Research , Applied Materials – The semiconductor equipment stocks rose about 2% after KeyBanc Capital Markets upgraded both to overweight from sector weight. The investment firm said Lam Research and Applied Materials have exposure to AI-related devices which should help push their shares higher. Salesforce – The stock advanced 2% after a TD Cowen upgraded shares to buy from hold. The firm said its recent pullback has created a “compelling entry point” for investors. Cloudflare – Shares popped 3.5% on the heels of Citi’s upgrade to buy. Citi said it has improved confidence on the cloud stock’s fundamentals and growth potential. — CNBC’s Alex Harring, Jesse Pound, Sarah Min, and Pia Singh contributed reporting.