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What tax filers and preparers need to know before 2025

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From the battle against inflation to the election of a new administration and subsequent speculation about what it could mean for financial policy and regulation moving forward, the 2024 financial landscape has been dominated by uncertainty. And as the calendar flips to 2025, arguably no topic is more at center stage than taxes.

With numerous shifts in policy potentially set to be rung in over the course of the next 12 to 18 months, 2025 is set to become perhaps one of the most significant years in modern history when it comes to shaping the tax and financial planning environments over the short and medium term. Whether it’s the extended child tax credit or changes to the state and local tax deduction, numerous provisions hang in the balance and are set to elapse by the end of 2025. And with that, as we edge closer to this period of uncertainty, individuals are understandably eager to find ways to maximize their financial outlook as much as possible.

With that in mind, here are a few key and often overlooked items that individuals should keep in mind as they look ahead and prepare for the 2025 filing season and beyond.

Anticipate cuts to the estate tax and gift exemption

One of the most notable tax-related items that is “up in the air” as we head into 2025 is what will happen to the existing federal estate and gift tax exemption. Particularly impactful for high-net-worth individuals, this exemption allows individuals to pass on assets upon death or during their lifetime — from stock investments to real estate — to beneficiaries without paying federal estate or gift taxes. What makes this exemption even more appealing is that the threshold is set to jump from an existing all-time high of $13.6 million to $13.9 million on Jan. 1, 2025. However, this historic estate tax and gift exclusion is set to elapse on Jan. 1, 2026, and will fall to approximately $7 million if it isn’t extended by Congress. Moreover, navigating this exemption is notoriously complex, with individuals needing to take into consideration everything from the state they live in to the size of their net worth. Therefore, while there might be quiet optimism that the new administration and Congress will extend the exemption, individuals need to be proactive in taking steps to make the most of this exemption and guard against potentially missing out on millions in savings in the case that it does expire. 

Navigating IRA inheritance

In 2022, more than 40% of American households owned an individual retirement account. In addition, given there is no limit to the number of IRAs an individual can have, many households likely have several. This means not only a huge opportunity for beneficiaries to inherit but also leaves them with numerous stipulations that they need to navigate — namely when it comes to required minimum distributions, or the mandated amount that an individual must withdraw on a yearly basis. Most individuals are familiar with RMDs for their own IRA accounts. However, many do not realize they are also required to meet RMDs for inherited accounts as well, and because RMDs from traditional IRAs count toward the beneficiary’s taxable income, it’s imperative for these contingencies to be planned for in advance. What’s more, beneficiaries themselves are subjected to different criteria for managing their inherited IRAs. For example, many adult children who inherit IRAs must withdraw all funds from the account within 10 years of the account holder’s passing, while other beneficiaries such as spouses face different demands. These nuances result in a slew of potential avenues to maximize future management and tax efficiency opportunities, so individuals need to consult with their advisors as soon as possible to make sure they are optimizing their inherited IRAs.

Harvest your losses, sell losing stocks and reinvest

Loss harvesting — or selling off failing stocks where you have lost money — is one of the most powerful tax-saving tools for individuals, allowing them to use their investment losses to negate any taxable gains from strongly performing investments at a dollar-to-dollar ratio. In addition, if individuals have had a particularly bad investment year and have realized losses that exceed their gains, they can deduct up to $3,000 off their ordinary taxable income as well. Furthermore, individuals who have seen more than $3,000 in losses can roll the remaining losses over from year to year until completely written off to further reduce future tax burdens. From there, beyond just the tax benefits, individuals can parlay any returns from the sales of their losing stocks into investments in other better performing alternatives.

Reducing taxable income

Reducing your taxable income may seem like a “no brainer” when it comes to maximizing taxes; however, with so many different avenues available to filers, it isn’t uncommon for individuals to end up missing out on opportunities. For example, while many filers may be familiar with the tax benefits of 401(k) plans, they should know health savings accounts, 529 plans — which allow for tax-friendly savings for educational expenses — and traditional IRAs all allow filers to reap significant tax savings as well. These opportunities offering incredibly appealing contribution limits that can help individuals significantly reduce their taxable income:

  • 401(k) plans: $23,000 ($31,000 if age 50 or older);
  • Traditional IRAs: $7,000 ($8,000 if age 50 or older);
  • 529 plans: $18,000 per person (or $36,000 for a married couple) per recipient without implicating gift tax (individual states set contribution limits);
  • HSAs: $4,150 for self-only coverage and $8,300 for family coverage (those 55 and older can contribute an additional $1,000).

Looking ahead

Navigating tax season can feel like a Herculean effort, especially when so much uncertainty is on the horizon. However, by keeping these key items in mind, individuals can help mitigate headaches as much as possible and optimize their tax opportunities for years to come.

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Accounting

Eide Bailly merges in Traner Smith

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Eide Bailly, a Top 25 Firm based in Fargo, North Dakota, is growing its presence in the Pacific Northwest by adding Traner Smith, based in Edmonds, Washington, effective June 2, 2025. 

Traner Smith’s team includes two partners and 16 staff members and specializes in tax compliance and advisory services. Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed. Eide Bailly ranked No. 19 on Accounting Today‘s 2025 list of the Top 100 Firms, with $704.98 million in annual revenue, approximately 387 partners and over 3,500 employees. 

Eide Bailly already has offices in Seattle, but hopes to grow further in the Pacific Northwest. “We’re pleased to welcome the talented team at Traner Smith to Eide Bailly,” said Eide Bailly managing partner and CEO Jeremy Hauk in a statement Monday. “Their expertise with high-net-worth individuals, real estate and privately held businesses aligns well with our strengths, and their client-centric approach is a perfect cultural fit. Having an office in Edmonds, Washington, is a great complement to our existing presence in Seattle. Together, we’re poised to deliver even greater value to families and businesses in the Seattle metro area.” 

“Joining Eide Bailly is a natural next step for us — it provides access to deeper technical resources in areas like state and local tax, national tax, succession planning and international tax while allowing us to continue the personalized service our clients value,” said Kevin Smith, a partner at Traner Smith, in a statement. 

“With this expanded support and platform, we’re excited to grow our reach, elevate what we do best, and help more clients than ever before,” said Shane Summer, another partner at Traner Smith, in a statement.

Eide Bailly has announced several other mergers in recent weeks. Earlier this month, it added Hamilton Tharp, a firm based in Solana Beach, California, and Roycon, a Salesforce consulting firm in Austin, Texas. In late April, it merged in Volpe Brown & Co., in North Canton, Ohio. Eide Bailly expanded to Ohio last year by merging in Apple Growth Partners. Last year, Eide Bailly also sold its wealth management practice to Sequoia Financial Group. The deal with Sequoia appears to be fueling the recent M&A activity. As part of the deal, Eide Bailly Advisors became part of Sequoia Financial, while Eide Bailly received an equity investment in Sequoia.

In 2023, Eide Bailly added Secore & Niedzialek PC in Phoenix, Raimondo Pettit Group in Southern California, Bessolo Haworth in California and Washington State, Spectrum Health Partners in Franklin, Tennessee, and King & Oliason in Seattle. In 2022, it merged in Seim Johnson in Omaha, Nebraska, and in 2021, PWB CPAs & Advisors in Minnesota. In 2020, it added Mukai, Greenlee & Co. in Phoenix, HMWC CPAs in Tustin, California, and Platinum Consulting in Fullerton.

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Accounting

BMSS announces investment, collaboration with Knuula

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Top 100 firm BMSS announced an investment in Knuula, an engagement letter and client documents software provider. The investment from BMSS came after successfully implementing Knuula over the past year to streamline its engagement letter process. It was after doing so that the firm’s leadership came to believe that Knuula could create complex client documents at an enormous scale, which was a huge need for the broader accounting industry. BMSS thought this presented a great opportunity to guide Knuula and help facilitate its growth. 

“We began working with Knuula in Spring 2024 to streamline our engagement letter process,” said Don Murphy, Managing Member of BMSS. “It quickly became clear that Knuula was not only a strong solution for us, but also an ideal partner in advancing industry-wide automation.”

While the specific terms of the deal were not disclosed, a spokesperson with Knuula said that, after this investment, BMSS and a collection of 21 of their partners now own 13% of the company. The investment represents not some passive revenue deal but an active collaboration between the two companies, with the spokesperson saying they will be working closely together on things like product development, new features, improvements, and networking.

The deal comes about a year after Knuula integrated with QuickFee, a receivables management platform for professional service providers, which allowed users to have engagement letters directly connecting to their QuickFee billing platform, tying the execution of the letter directly to the billing process. 

“We’ve long sought to partner with a firm focused on strategic innovation in the accounting space,” said Jamie Peebles, founder of Knuula. “To develop a perfect solution for large firms, it is ideal to have a partner that is willing to work closely together and iterate quickly. This requires constant feedback between our two teams. The IT team from BMSS worked with our development team constantly and helped us iterate rapidly. We also had consistent input from partners, manager, and administrative staff to help us make valuable changes to Knuula. BMSS was a perfect partner for us.”

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Accounting

AICPA urges firms to contact Congress over tax changes

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The American Institute of CPAs is asking accountants to reach out to their congressional representatives and protest the proposed elimination of the ability of pass-through entities such as accounting firms to deduct state and local taxes.

The AICPA sent out a call to action on Friday urging CPAs to contact their members of Congress and voice their opposition to the “unfair targeting” of pass-through businesses in the tax reconciliation bill moving through Congress, such as those of accountants, dentists, doctors, lawyers and pharmacists, through the elimination of the Pass-through Entity Tax SALT deduction. 

“This would increase taxes on the partners/owners of many service-based businesses, such as accounting firms, discourage the creation and growth of such businesses, and further expand the disparity between C corporations and pass-through entities,” the AICPA warned.

On Sunday night, the bill advanced through a key House committee after several Republicans who had blocked the bill in the House Budget Committee on Friday agreed to let it proceed after winning promises of faster cuts in Medicaid health coverage. But the AICPA warned last week about several provisions in the bill, including the change in the SALT deduction rules, while praising others. 

The AICPA is concerned about language in the legislation, named after President Trump’s description, “One Big, Beautiful Bill,” that would eliminate the ability of certain pass-through entities, including accounting firms, to take advantage of the state and local tax deduction for pass-throughs. 

“This legislation would not only have an impact on the accounting profession, but also on many of their clients,” the AICPA pointed out. “Under this legislation, accounting firms will be worse off than they were after the application of the SALT cap under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) and before the IRS-approved deductions were authorized. Specifically, the proposal newly subjects local entity level taxes to the individual SALT cap.”

The SALT cap for individual taxpayers has also been a bone of contention for Republican lawmakers in blue states like New York, New Jersey and California, who have been pushing for an expansion of the $10,000 limit in the TCJA. Under the current bill, the SALT cap would increase to $30,000, but some lawmakers would like to see it increase to $80,000 or higher. However, the cap would now be imposed on pass-through businesses under the bill.

“The proposed tax legislation unfairly subjects specified service trades or businesses (SSTBs), such as accountants, doctors, lawyers, dentists, veterinarians, etc., to the individual cap on state and local income tax deductions at the federal level, regardless of partners’/owners’ income level or the state in which they live,” said the AICPA.

“When comparing the tax treatment of state and local taxes for pass-through entities between the TCJA and this proposed bill, the sole change is the targeting of pass-through service providers, who were already substantially limited under the qualified business income (QBI) deduction for SSTBs,” the AICPA pointed out.

The TCJA excluded many firms from claiming the full 20% QBI deduction, which would increase to 23% under the bill.

The AICPA is encouraging accountants to call or email their senators and representatives by Wednesday, May 21, using this link to find and contact their members of Congress. It provided a sample email blurb to send to them:

“I urge you to oppose provisions included in the House Ways and Means Committee’s tax reform legislation that unfairly target the ability of service businesses structured as pass-through entities to deduct their state and local taxes (SALT) from their federal tax liability while providing no such limit to other businesses. This legislation effectively discriminates against particular pass-through businesses by indirectly raising taxes on those entities that are considered the backbone of the American economy. These provisions greatly widen the disparity in treatment between pass-through entities and other kinds of businesses, and I strongly urge you to oppose these provisions of the bill.”

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