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What tax filers and preparers need to know before 2025

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From the battle against inflation to the election of a new administration and subsequent speculation about what it could mean for financial policy and regulation moving forward, the 2024 financial landscape has been dominated by uncertainty. And as the calendar flips to 2025, arguably no topic is more at center stage than taxes.

With numerous shifts in policy potentially set to be rung in over the course of the next 12 to 18 months, 2025 is set to become perhaps one of the most significant years in modern history when it comes to shaping the tax and financial planning environments over the short and medium term. Whether it’s the extended child tax credit or changes to the state and local tax deduction, numerous provisions hang in the balance and are set to elapse by the end of 2025. And with that, as we edge closer to this period of uncertainty, individuals are understandably eager to find ways to maximize their financial outlook as much as possible.

With that in mind, here are a few key and often overlooked items that individuals should keep in mind as they look ahead and prepare for the 2025 filing season and beyond.

Anticipate cuts to the estate tax and gift exemption

One of the most notable tax-related items that is “up in the air” as we head into 2025 is what will happen to the existing federal estate and gift tax exemption. Particularly impactful for high-net-worth individuals, this exemption allows individuals to pass on assets upon death or during their lifetime — from stock investments to real estate — to beneficiaries without paying federal estate or gift taxes. What makes this exemption even more appealing is that the threshold is set to jump from an existing all-time high of $13.6 million to $13.9 million on Jan. 1, 2025. However, this historic estate tax and gift exclusion is set to elapse on Jan. 1, 2026, and will fall to approximately $7 million if it isn’t extended by Congress. Moreover, navigating this exemption is notoriously complex, with individuals needing to take into consideration everything from the state they live in to the size of their net worth. Therefore, while there might be quiet optimism that the new administration and Congress will extend the exemption, individuals need to be proactive in taking steps to make the most of this exemption and guard against potentially missing out on millions in savings in the case that it does expire. 

Navigating IRA inheritance

In 2022, more than 40% of American households owned an individual retirement account. In addition, given there is no limit to the number of IRAs an individual can have, many households likely have several. This means not only a huge opportunity for beneficiaries to inherit but also leaves them with numerous stipulations that they need to navigate — namely when it comes to required minimum distributions, or the mandated amount that an individual must withdraw on a yearly basis. Most individuals are familiar with RMDs for their own IRA accounts. However, many do not realize they are also required to meet RMDs for inherited accounts as well, and because RMDs from traditional IRAs count toward the beneficiary’s taxable income, it’s imperative for these contingencies to be planned for in advance. What’s more, beneficiaries themselves are subjected to different criteria for managing their inherited IRAs. For example, many adult children who inherit IRAs must withdraw all funds from the account within 10 years of the account holder’s passing, while other beneficiaries such as spouses face different demands. These nuances result in a slew of potential avenues to maximize future management and tax efficiency opportunities, so individuals need to consult with their advisors as soon as possible to make sure they are optimizing their inherited IRAs.

Harvest your losses, sell losing stocks and reinvest

Loss harvesting — or selling off failing stocks where you have lost money — is one of the most powerful tax-saving tools for individuals, allowing them to use their investment losses to negate any taxable gains from strongly performing investments at a dollar-to-dollar ratio. In addition, if individuals have had a particularly bad investment year and have realized losses that exceed their gains, they can deduct up to $3,000 off their ordinary taxable income as well. Furthermore, individuals who have seen more than $3,000 in losses can roll the remaining losses over from year to year until completely written off to further reduce future tax burdens. From there, beyond just the tax benefits, individuals can parlay any returns from the sales of their losing stocks into investments in other better performing alternatives.

Reducing taxable income

Reducing your taxable income may seem like a “no brainer” when it comes to maximizing taxes; however, with so many different avenues available to filers, it isn’t uncommon for individuals to end up missing out on opportunities. For example, while many filers may be familiar with the tax benefits of 401(k) plans, they should know health savings accounts, 529 plans — which allow for tax-friendly savings for educational expenses — and traditional IRAs all allow filers to reap significant tax savings as well. These opportunities offering incredibly appealing contribution limits that can help individuals significantly reduce their taxable income:

  • 401(k) plans: $23,000 ($31,000 if age 50 or older);
  • Traditional IRAs: $7,000 ($8,000 if age 50 or older);
  • 529 plans: $18,000 per person (or $36,000 for a married couple) per recipient without implicating gift tax (individual states set contribution limits);
  • HSAs: $4,150 for self-only coverage and $8,300 for family coverage (those 55 and older can contribute an additional $1,000).

Looking ahead

Navigating tax season can feel like a Herculean effort, especially when so much uncertainty is on the horizon. However, by keeping these key items in mind, individuals can help mitigate headaches as much as possible and optimize their tax opportunities for years to come.

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Accounting

XcelLabs launches to help accountants use AI

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Jody Padar, an author and speaker known as “The Radical CPA,” and Katie Tolin, a growth strategist for CPAs, together launched a training and technology platform called XcelLabs.

XcelLabs provides solutions to help accountants use artificial technology fluently and strategically. The Pennsylvania Institute of CPAs and CPA Crossings joined with Padar and Tolin as strategic partners and investors.

“To reinvent the profession, we must start by training the professional who can then transform their firms,” Padar said in a statement. “By equipping people with data and insights that help them see things differently, they can provide better advice to their clients and firm.”

Padar-Jody- new 2019

Jody Padar

The platform includes XcelLabs Academy, a series of educational online courses on the basics of AI, being a better advisor, leadership and practice management; Navi, a proprietary tool that uses AI to help accountants turn unstructured data like emails, phone calls and meetings into insights; and training and consulting services. These offerings are currently in beta testing.

“Accountants know they need to be more advisory, but not everyone can figure out how to do it,” Tolin said in a statement. “Couple that with the fact that AI will be doing a lot of the lower-level work accountants do today, and we need to create that next level advisor now. By showing accountants how to unlock patterns in their actions and turn client conversations into emotionally intelligent advice, we can create the accounting professional of the future.”

Tolin-Katie-CPA Growth Guides

Katie Tolin

“AI is transforming how CPAs work, and XcelLabs is focused on helping the profession evolve with it,” PICPA CEO Jennifer Cryder said in a statement. “At PICPA, we’re proud to support a mission that aligns so closely with ours: empowering firms to use AI not just for efficiency, but to drive growth, value and long-term relevance.”

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Accounting is changing, and the world can’t wait until 2026

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The accountant the world urgently needs has evolved far beyond the traditional role we recognized just a few years ago. 

The transformation of the accounting profession is not merely an anticipated change; it is a pressing reality that is currently shaping business decisions, academic programs and the expected contributions of professionals. Yet, in many areas, accounting education stubbornly clings to outdated, overly technical models that fail to connect with the actual demands of the market. We must confront a critical question: If we continue to train accountants solely to file tax reports, are we truly equipping them for the challenges of today’s world? 

This shift in mindset extends beyond individual countries or educational systems; it is a global movement. The recent announcement of the CIMA/CGMA 2026 syllabus has made it unmistakably clear: merely knowing how to post journal entries is insufficient. Today’s accountants are required to interpret the landscape, anticipate risks and act with strategic awareness. Critical thinking, sustainable finance, technology and human behavior are not just supplementary topics; they are essential components in the education of any professional seeking to remain relevant. 

The CIMA/CGMA proposal for 2026 is not just a curriculum update; it is a powerful manifesto. This new program positions analytical thinking, strategic business partnering and technology application at the core of accounting education. It unequivocally highlights sustainability, aligning with IFRS S1 and S2, and expands the accountant’s responsibilities beyond mere numbers to encompass conscious leadership, environmental impact and corporate governance. 

The current changes in the accounting profession underscore an urgent shift in expectations from both educators and employers. Today, companies of all sizes and industries demand accountants who can do far more than interpret balance sheets. They expect professionals who grasp the deeper context behind the numbers, identify inconsistencies, anticipate potential issues before they escalate into losses, and act decisively as a bridge between data and decision making. 

To meet these expectations, a radical mindset shift is essential. There are firms still operating on autopilot, mindlessly repeating tasks with minimal critical analysis. Likewise, many academic programs continue to treat accounting as purely a technical discipline, disregarding the vital elements of reflection, strategy and behavioral insight. This outdated approach creates a significant mismatch. While the world forges ahead, parts of the accounting profession remain stuck in the past. 

The consequences of this shift are already becoming evident. The demand for compliance, transparency and sustainability now applies not only to large corporations but also to small and mid-sized businesses. Many of these organizations rely on professionals ill-equipped to drive the necessary changes, putting both business performance and the reputation of the profession at risk. 

The positive news is that accountants who are ready to thrive in this new era do not necessarily need additional degrees. What they truly need is a commitment to awareness, a dedication to continuous learning, and the courage to step beyond their comfort zones. The future of accounting is here, and it is firmly rooted in analytical, strategic and human-oriented perspectives. The 2026 curriculum is a clear indication of the changes underway. Those who fail to think critically and holistically will be left behind. 

In contrast, accountants who see the big picture, understand the ripple effects of their decisions, and actively contribute to the financial and ethical health of organizations will undeniably remain indispensable, anywhere in the world.

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Republicans push Musk aside as Trump tax bill barrels forward

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Congressional Republicans are siding with Donald Trump in the messy divorce between the president and Elon Musk, an optimistic sign for eventual passage of a tax cut bill at the root of the two billionaires’ public feud.

Lawmakers are largely taking their cues from Trump and sticking by the $3 trillion bill at the center of the White House’s economic agenda. Musk, the biggest political donor of the 2024 cycle, has threatened to help primary anyone who votes for the legislation, but lawmakers are betting that staying in the president’s good graces is the safer path to political survival.

“The tax bill is not in jeopardy. We are going to deliver on that,” House Speaker Mike Johnson told reporters on Friday.

“I’ll tell you what — do not doubt, don’t second guess and do not challenge the President of the United States Donald Trump,” he added. “He is the leader of the party. He’s the most consequential political figure of our time.”

A fight between Trump and Musk exploded into public view this week. The sparring started with the tech titan calling the president’s tax bill a “disgusting abomination,” but quickly escalated to more personal attacks and Trump threatening to cancel all federal contracts and subsidies to Musk’s companies, such as Tesla Inc. and SpaceX which have benefitted from government ties.

Republicans on Capitol Hill, who had —  until recently — publicly embraced Musk, said they weren’t swayed by the billionaire’s criticism that the bill cost too much. Lawmakers have refuted official estimates of the package, saying that the tax cuts for households, small businesses and politically important groups — including hospitality and hourly workers — will generate enough economic growth to offset the price tag.

“I don’t tell my friend Elon, I don’t argue with him about how to build rockets, and I wish he wouldn’t argue with me about how to craft legislation and pass it,” Johnson told CNBC earlier Friday.

House Budget Committee Chair Jodey Arrington told reporters that House lawmakers are focused on working with the Senate as it revises the bill to make sure the legislation has the political support in both chambers to make it to Trump’s desk for his signature. 

“We move past the drama and we get the substance of what is needed to make the modest improvements that can be made,” he said.

House fiscal hawks said that they hadn’t changed their prior positions on the legislation based on Musk’s statements. They also said they agree with GOP leaders that there will be other chances to make further spending cuts outside the tax bill. 

Representative Tom McClintock, a fiscal conservative, said “the bill will pass because it has to pass,” adding that both Musk and Trump needed to calm down. “They both need to take a nap,” he said.

Even some of the House bill’s most vociferous critics appeared resigned to its passage. Kentucky Representative Thomas Massie, who voted against the House version, predicted that despite Musk’s objections, the Senate will make only small changes.

“The speaker is right about one thing. This barely passed the House. If they muck with it too much in the Senate, it may not pass the House again,” he said.

Trump is pressuring lawmakers to move at breakneck speed to pass the tax-cut bill, demanding they vote on the bill before the July 4 holiday. The president has been quick to blast critics of the bill — including calling Senator Rand Paul “crazy” for objecting to the inclusion of a debt ceiling increase in the package.

As the legislation worked its way through the House last month, Trump took to social media to criticize holdouts and invited undecided members to the White House to compel them to support the package. It passed by one vote.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune — who is planning to unveil his chamber’s version of the bill as soon as next week — said his timeline is unmoved by Musk. 

“We are already pretty far down the trail,” he said.

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