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The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Internal Revenue Service and the Department of Education have all been caught in the crosshairs of the Trump administration and Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency. Now, accountants predict that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board could be next.
Trump’s nomination of Paul Atkins to replace former SEC Chair Gary Gensler has been seen by many to be a sign of deregulation on the horizon, with further estimates that Atkins will reshape the PCAOB’s leadership makeup if confirmed to the SEC. Other possible scenarios include the consolidation of the PCAOB into the SEC.
Lara Long, managing director at the New York-based business advisory firm Riveron, said players in the capital markets see Republican control of the White House and Congress as a strong sign that regulatory actions will “either be reversed or will significantly decline.”
“So far, no one is 100% sure of the PCAOB’s future, including whether the agency will be folded into the SEC,” Long said. “Many insiders feel that whatever happens with the PCAOB will not eliminate the need for the financial markets to have an audit regulator.”
Data published by Cornerstone Research in February recapped the PCAOB’s enforcement action trends over the last 20 years. In the decade that followed the first finalized enforcement action from the board in 2004, activity was calm, with 72 auditing actions against a mix of 126 respondents that included 53 audit firms and 73 individuals. Monetary penalties were roughly $5 million.
That trend took a dramatic shift in 2015, when the PCAOB finalized 34 auditing actions and submitted close to $10 million in penalties — double the total for the prior 10 years.
Between 2015 and 2024, the board finalized a total 302 auditing actions against 466 respondents and issued monetary penalties in excess of $86 million. Last year accounted for roughly 40% of the penalties issued for the decade.
“The PCAOB continued aggressive enforcement in 2024, finalizing 30 auditing actions in the first half of 2024, more than triple the number of actions finalized in the first half of 2023,” Jean-Philippe Poissant, one of the report’s co-authors and co-head of Cornerstone Research’s accounting practice, said in a statement. “In one in five auditing actions, the PCAOB alleged violations of not only auditing standards, but quality control standards and ethics and independence, as well.”
Similar data released in a March report by the Brattle Group offered predictions into how this trend could change under the new Trump administration.
“We expect that the combination of Trump 2.0 and ongoing constitutional challenges [like] Jarkesy and Doe vs. PCAOB matters will bring a sea change in auditor enforcement activity,” the report said.
Learn more about the recent activity from the PCAOB and what experts across the profession think the future will hold for the organization.
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PCAOB sanctions nine firms in KPMG’s network
Officials with the PCAOB censured and fined nine firms in KPMG’s global network of firms for both violating quality control standards and neglecting to shed light on who performed the audits.
“It is essential that investors and audit committees know where issuers’ audits are being conducted and by whom so that they can make informed selection and ratification decisions,” Erica Williams, PCAOB chair, said in a statement this month. “These violations prevent investors and audit committees from obtaining important information.”
Is it the end of the PCAOB and SEC’s crackdown on auditors?
The first half of 2024 was rife with enforcement actions from the PCAOB and Securities and Exchange Commission, but that trend was quelled in the second half of the year due to a notable Supreme Court ruling and a rash of lawsuits against the PCAOB.
Data from the Brattle Group showed that both organizations brought 58 enforcement actions against auditors last year, keeping pace with the 60 actions the previous year and the 59 actions in 2022. But experts predict that leadership changes at the PCAOB and SEC, coupled with a second Trump administration, could drastically hamper this trend.
“Activity appears to have been substantially impacted by the Supreme Court’s SEC vs. Jarkesy ruling, which found that the regulator’s use of administrative proceedings to seek financial civil penalties for securities fraud was unconstitutional,” Alison Forman, co-leader of Brattle’s Accounting Practice, said in a statement. “We expect fallout from Jarkesy and similar constitutional challenges facing the PCAOB — as well as the new presidential administration — to dramatically shift the enforcement landscape moving forward.”
Auditor outcry sees rollback of PCOAB firm and engagement metrics
Following widespread outcry from auditing firms and companies, the PCAOB has walked back two proposed standards on firm reporting and firm and engagement metrics it approved last November.
Both standards failed to obtain the required additional approval from the SEC in order to take effect. Under the new guidance, firms would have been required to provide the PCAOB with details on their partner and manager involvement in audits, workload, training hours, experience of audit personnel, retention, allocation of audit hours, restatement history, fees, governance, network relationships, cybersecurity and more.
“Among our concerns was the potential unintended consequence of the rules prompting small and midsized audit firms to stop performing public company audits, impacting companies that depend on those audit firms as they seek access to U.S. capital markets,” Sue Coffey, the AICPA’s CEO of public accounting, said in a statement, according to the Journal of Accountancy.
Could the Trump administration dissolve the PCAOB?
Industry experts eyeing the governmental downsizing led by Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency are beginning to prepare for a similar scenario at the PCAOB.
In speaking at a February meeting of the Accountants Club of America in New York, AICPA and CIMA president and CEO Mark Koziel remarked that the lack of general public awareness of the PCAOB leaves the organization with a smaller pool of advocates working to keep it alive when compared to other organizations.
“When you think about the fact that the PCAOB, if they were to shut it down, and DOGE would be able to take credit for it, who would oppose it?” Koziel said. “It has a $400 million budget, none of which is paid for by taxpayers. … But it’s a $400 million win, if [Elon Musk’s DOGE] could say it publicly in some way, shape or form.”
Diving into the PCAOB’s record $35M in fines in 2024
Last year was an active enforcement year for the PCAOB, as officials levied more than $35 million in fines.
The largest of the bunch was a $25 million fine against KPMG Netherlands, after the PCAOB found via a 2022 whistleblower report that employees were cheating on the firm’s internal training program by sharing answers with one another over a five year period. This was the largest civil money penalty in the PCAOB’s history.
Jody Padar, an author and speaker known as “The Radical CPA,” and Katie Tolin, a growth strategist for CPAs, together launched a training and technology platform called XcelLabs.
XcelLabs provides solutions to help accountants use artificial technology fluently and strategically. The Pennsylvania Institute of CPAs and CPA Crossings joined with Padar and Tolin as strategic partners and investors.
“To reinvent the profession, we must start by training the professional who can then transform their firms,” Padar said in a statement. “By equipping people with data and insights that help them see things differently, they can provide better advice to their clients and firm.”
Jody Padar
The platform includes XcelLabs Academy, a series of educational online courses on the basics of AI, being a better advisor, leadership and practice management; Navi, a proprietary tool that uses AI to help accountants turn unstructured data like emails, phone calls and meetings into insights; and training and consulting services. These offerings are currently in beta testing.
“Accountants know they need to be more advisory, but not everyone can figure out how to do it,” Tolin said in a statement. “Couple that with the fact that AI will be doing a lot of the lower-level work accountants do today, and we need to create that next level advisor now. By showing accountants how to unlock patterns in their actions and turn client conversations into emotionally intelligent advice, we can create the accounting professional of the future.”
Katie Tolin
“AI is transforming how CPAs work, and XcelLabs is focused on helping the profession evolve with it,” PICPA CEO Jennifer Cryder said in a statement. “At PICPA, we’re proud to support a mission that aligns so closely with ours: empowering firms to use AI not just for efficiency, but to drive growth, value and long-term relevance.”
The accountant the world urgently needs has evolved far beyond the traditional role we recognized just a few years ago.
The transformation of the accounting profession is not merely an anticipated change; it is a pressing reality that is currently shaping business decisions, academic programs and the expected contributions of professionals. Yet, in many areas, accounting education stubbornly clings to outdated, overly technical models that fail to connect with the actual demands of the market. We must confront a critical question: If we continue to train accountants solely to file tax reports, are we truly equipping them for the challenges of today’s world?
This shift in mindset extends beyond individual countries or educational systems; it is a global movement. The recent announcement of the CIMA/CGMA 2026 syllabus has made it unmistakably clear: merely knowing how to post journal entries is insufficient. Today’s accountants are required to interpret the landscape, anticipate risks and act with strategic awareness. Critical thinking, sustainable finance, technology and human behavior are not just supplementary topics; they are essential components in the education of any professional seeking to remain relevant.
The CIMA/CGMA proposal for 2026 is not just a curriculum update; it is a powerful manifesto. This new program positions analytical thinking, strategic business partnering and technology application at the core of accounting education. It unequivocally highlights sustainability, aligning with IFRS S1 and S2, and expands the accountant’s responsibilities beyond mere numbers to encompass conscious leadership, environmental impact and corporate governance.
The current changes in the accounting profession underscore an urgent shift in expectations from both educators and employers. Today, companies of all sizes and industries demand accountants who can do far more than interpret balance sheets. They expect professionals who grasp the deeper context behind the numbers, identify inconsistencies, anticipate potential issues before they escalate into losses, and act decisively as a bridge between data and decision making.
To meet these expectations, a radical mindset shift is essential. There are firms still operating on autopilot, mindlessly repeating tasks with minimal critical analysis. Likewise, many academic programs continue to treat accounting as purely a technical discipline, disregarding the vital elements of reflection, strategy and behavioral insight. This outdated approach creates a significant mismatch. While the world forges ahead, parts of the accounting profession remain stuck in the past.
The consequences of this shift are already becoming evident. The demand for compliance, transparency and sustainability now applies not only to large corporations but also to small and mid-sized businesses. Many of these organizations rely on professionals ill-equipped to drive the necessary changes, putting both business performance and the reputation of the profession at risk.
The positive news is that accountants who are ready to thrive in this new era do not necessarily need additional degrees. What they truly need is a commitment to awareness, a dedication to continuous learning, and the courage to step beyond their comfort zones. The future of accounting is here, and it is firmly rooted in analytical, strategic and human-oriented perspectives. The 2026 curriculum is a clear indication of the changes underway. Those who fail to think critically and holistically will be left behind.
In contrast, accountants who see the big picture, understand the ripple effects of their decisions, and actively contribute to the financial and ethical health of organizations will undeniably remain indispensable, anywhere in the world.
Congressional Republicans are siding with Donald Trump in the messy divorce between the president and Elon Musk, an optimistic sign for eventual passage of a tax cut bill at the root of the two billionaires’ public feud.
Lawmakers are largely taking their cues from Trump and sticking by the $3 trillion bill at the center of the White House’s economic agenda. Musk, the biggest political donor of the 2024 cycle, has threatened to help primary anyone who votes for the legislation, but lawmakers are betting that staying in the president’s good graces is the safer path to political survival.
“The tax bill is not in jeopardy. We are going to deliver on that,” House Speaker Mike Johnson told reporters on Friday.
“I’ll tell you what — do not doubt, don’t second guess and do not challenge the President of the United States Donald Trump,” he added. “He is the leader of the party. He’s the most consequential political figure of our time.”
A fight between Trump and Musk exploded into public view this week. The sparring started with the tech titan calling the president’s tax bill a “disgusting abomination,” but quickly escalated to more personal attacks and Trump threatening to cancel all federal contracts and subsidies to Musk’s companies, such as Tesla Inc. and SpaceX which have benefitted from government ties.
Republicans on Capitol Hill, who had — until recently — publicly embraced Musk, said they weren’t swayed by the billionaire’s criticism that the bill cost too much. Lawmakers have refuted official estimates of the package, saying that the tax cuts for households, small businesses and politically important groups — including hospitality and hourly workers — will generate enough economic growth to offset the price tag.
“I don’t tell my friend Elon, I don’t argue with him about how to build rockets, and I wish he wouldn’t argue with me about how to craft legislation and pass it,” Johnson told CNBC earlier Friday.
House Budget Committee Chair Jodey Arrington told reporters that House lawmakers are focused on working with the Senate as it revises the bill to make sure the legislation has the political support in both chambers to make it to Trump’s desk for his signature.
“We move past the drama and we get the substance of what is needed to make the modest improvements that can be made,” he said.
House fiscal hawks said that they hadn’t changed their prior positions on the legislation based on Musk’s statements. They also said they agree with GOP leaders that there will be other chances to make further spending cuts outside the tax bill.
Representative Tom McClintock, a fiscal conservative, said “the bill will pass because it has to pass,” adding that both Musk and Trump needed to calm down. “They both need to take a nap,” he said.
Even some of the House bill’s most vociferous critics appeared resigned to its passage. Kentucky Representative Thomas Massie, who voted against the House version, predicted that despite Musk’s objections, the Senate will make only small changes.
“The speaker is right about one thing. This barely passed the House. If they muck with it too much in the Senate, it may not pass the House again,” he said.
Trump is pressuring lawmakers to move at breakneck speed to pass the tax-cut bill, demanding they vote on the bill before the July 4 holiday. The president has been quick to blast critics of the bill — including calling Senator Rand Paul “crazy” for objecting to the inclusion of a debt ceiling increase in the package.
As the legislation worked its way through the House last month, Trump took to social media to criticize holdouts and invited undecided members to the White House to compel them to support the package. It passed by one vote.
Senate Majority Leader John Thune — who is planning to unveil his chamber’s version of the bill as soon as next week — said his timeline is unmoved by Musk.
“We are already pretty far down the trail,” he said.