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House passes plan to advance Trump tax cuts, debt limit boost

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President Donald Trump’s drive to enact trillions of dollars in tax cuts and raise the federal debt is on track after he and congressional leaders successfully corralled House Republican lawmakers to approve a Senate-passed budget outline.

The 216-214 vote Thursday on the budget — which outlines the parameters for the tax cut and debt ceiling increase — was delayed a day so Trump and Republican congressional leaders could assuage a dissident group of conservative spending hawks pressing for deeper cuts in safety-net programs. 

The president worked the holdouts by phone and in a White House meeting. House Speaker Mike Johnson held a press conference to declare himself “committed” to coming up with at least $1.5 trillion in spending cuts. And Senate Republican leader John Thune joined the speaker to announce “a lot of” Republican senators shared the goal, though he stopped short of a commitment. 

It was enough. 

With the budget approved, the way is open for a follow-on package to cut taxes by up to $5.3 trillion over a decade and raise the debt ceiling by $5 trillion, in exchange for $4 billion in spending cuts. Republicans can now pass Trump’s tax-cut agenda solely on GOP votes, bypassing the need for negotiations with Democrats.

Trump offered congressional Republicans “Congratulations” in a social media post minutes after the vote.

The vote came a day after Trump announced a 90-day pause on some of his sweeping tariff plans that have roiled markets and sparked predictions of a looming recession. Financial markets — often a barometer of success for the president — initially soared on the news, though U.S. stocks retreated Thursday morning amid angst over an escalating trade conflict with China.

Republicans are planning to renew Trump’s first-term tax cuts for households and the owners of privately held businesses, and enact a fresh round of reductions, including expanding the state and local tax deduction and eliminating levies on tipped wages.

Conservative hardliners in the House say they want a final package to trim $2 trillion in spending over the next decade, a significant increase over the $4 billion the Senate is directed to cut in the budget passed Saturday. To make those reductions they’ll likely need to curb Medicaid, food stamps and other social programs with tens of millions of beneficiaries. 

A group of moderate Republicans sought — and gained — assurances from Johnson during the vote that the final bill would not cut benefits for qualified Medicaid individuals and institutions, said New Jersey Republican Jeff Van Drew. 

“We voted late to make the point,” Van Drew said. 

The group, however, is open to eligibility reviews and work requirements for Medicaid recipients, he said. 

The budget outline punts many of the hard decisions for lawmakers to hammer out later in the tax-cut negotiations. That could lead to a standoff with the Senate at the end of the process, where several members are resistant to large cuts in safety-net programs. 

Democrats assailed the plan as cutting benefits for the poor in order to pay for a tax cut skewed toward the wealthy. 

“Republicans do nothing to lower the high cost of living,” Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries said on the House floor. “In fact, you’re making the affordability crisis in America worse, not better, when you target earned benefits and things that are important to the American people, like Medicaid.”

Senator John Barrasso, the No. 2 Senate Republican, said GOP lawmakers in both chambers are committed to “very serious savings for the American taxpayer.”

Trump hosted Republican holdouts at the White House on Tuesday to urge their backing. He echoed his pleas while speaking later that day at a donor event in Washington, imploring members who were hesitant to vote for the budget to “just get the damn thing done and stop showboating.”

“It is IMPERATIVE that Republicans in the House pass the Tax Cut Bill, NOW! Our Country Will Boom!!!” Trump posted on Truth Social Wednesday.

Johnson has set a target of the end of May to enact the tax bill, while Senate Republicans have talked of being able to complete the process by August. The 2017 tax cuts don’t expire until the end of the year.

Those self-imposed deadlines could be overrun by a fiscal deadline: the debt ceiling. 

The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimates that the Treasury will be unable to pay all of its bills in August or September, but that date could come as soon as late May if tax receipts are low. 

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Accounting

Total college enrollment rose 3.2%

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Total postsecondary spring enrollment grew 3.2% year-over-year, according to a report.

The National Student Clearinghouse Research Center published the latest edition of its Current Term Enrollment Estimates series, which provides final enrollment estimates for the fall and spring terms.

The report found that undergraduate enrollment grew 3.5% and reached 15.3 million students, but remains below pre-pandemic levels (378,000 less students). Graduate enrollment also increased to 7.2%, higher than in 2020 (209,000 more students).

Graduation photo

(Read more: Undergraduate accounting enrollment rose 12%)

Community colleges saw the largest growth in enrollment (5.4%), and enrollment increased for all undergraduate credential types. Bachelor’s and associate programs grew 2.1% and 6.3%, respectively, but remain below pre-pandemic levels. 

Most ethnoracial groups saw increases in enrollment this spring, with Black and multiracial undergraduate students seeing the largest growth (10.3% and 8.5%, respectively). The number of undergraduate students in their twenties also increased. Enrollment of students between the ages of 21 and 24 grew 3.2%, and enrollment for students between 25 and 29 grew 5.9%.

For the third consecutive year, high vocational public two-years had substantial growth in enrollment, increasing 11.7% from 2023 to 2024. Enrollment at these trade-focused institutions have increased nearly 20% since pre-pandemic levels.

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Interim guidance from the IRS simplifies corporate AMT

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Jordan Vonderhaar/Photographer: Jordan Vonderhaar/

The Internal Revenue Service has released Notice 2025-27, which provides interim guidance on an optional simplified method for determining an applicable corporation for the corporate alternative minimum tax.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 amended Sec. 55 to impose the CAMT based on the “adjusted financial statement income” of an “applicable corporation” for taxable years beginning in 2023. 

Among other details, proposed regs provide that “applicable corporation” means any corporation (other than an S corp, a regulated investment company or a REIT) that meets either of two average annual AFSI tests depending on financial statement net operating losses for three taxable years and whether the corporation is a member of a foreign-parented multinational group.

Prior to the publication of any final regulations relating to the CAMT, the Treasury and the IRS will issue a notice of proposed rulemaking. Notice 2025-27 will be in IRB: 2025-26, dated June 23.

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Accounting

In the blogs: Whiplash | Accounting Today

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Conquering tariffs; bracing for notices; FBAR penalty timing; and other highlights from our favorite tax bloggers.

Whiplash

Number-crunching

  • Canopy (https://www.getcanopy.com/blog): “7-Figure Firm, 4-Hour Workweek: 5 Questions to Ask Yourself.”
  • The National Association of Tax Professionals (https://blog.natptax.com/): This week’s “You Make the Call” looks at Sarah, a U.S. citizen who moved to London for work in 2024. On May 15, 2025, it hit her that she forgot to file her 2024 U.S. return. Was she required to file her 2024 taxes by April 15?
  • Taxable Talk (http://www.taxabletalk.com/): Anteing up with Uncle Sam: The World Series of Poker is back, and one major change this year involves players from Russia and Hungary. After suspension of tax treaties with those nations, players will have 30% of winnings withheld. 
  • Parametric (https://www.parametricportfolio.com/blog): Direct indexing seems to come with a common misunderstanding: On the performance statement, conflating the value of harvested losses with returns. 

Problems brewing

  • Taxing Subjects (https://www.drakesoftware.com/blog): No chill is chillier than the client’s at the mailbox when an IRS notice appears out of the blue. How you can educate — and warn — them about the various notices everybody’s that favorite agency might send.
  • Dean Dorton (https://deandorton.com/insights/): Perhaps because they can be founded on trust, your nonprofit clients are especially vulnerable to fraud.
  • Global Taxes (https://www.globaltaxes.com/blog.php): When it’s your time, it’s your time: The clock starts on FBAR penalties when the tax forms are due and not when penalties are assessed — and even the death of the taxpayer doesn’t extend the deadline.
  • TaxConnex (https://www.taxconnex.com/blog-): Your e-commerce clients can muck up sales tax obligations in many ways. How some of the seeds of trouble might hide in their own billing system.
  • Sovos (https://sovos.com/blog/): What’s up with the five states that don’t have a sales tax?
  • Taxjar (https://www.taxjar.com/resources/blog): Humans are still needed to handle sales tax complexity, with real-world examples.
  • Wiss (https://wiss.com/insights/read/): A business — and business-advising — success story from a California chicken eatery.

Almost half done

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