Wall Street reacted Thursday to this week’s Fed meeting, with forecasts scattered across a range of outcomes for where monetary policy heads next. Most economists for the biggest forecasting firms expect the central bank to lower benchmark interest rates sometime later this year. But the outlooks ranged from one cut to four, with most saying that only time will really tell how much the rate-setting Federal Open Market Committee can take its foot off the brake. “The May FOMC meeting was mostly uneventful but dovish overall,” Goldman Sachs economist David Mericle said in a client note that underscored the uncertainty following this week’s meeting. “While the Committee added a hawkish acknowledgment of the ‘lack of further progress’ on inflation so far this year to its statement, Chair Powell offered a dovish message in his press conference.” The result of the conflicting signals? Goldman left in place its call for two rate cuts this year of a quarter percentage point each, with one in July and the other in November. However, the firm noted that “even moderate upside surprises” on inflation could thwart that outlook and “delay cuts further.” Indeed, there was considerable uncertainty on the Street over the extent and timing of cuts. Futures market traders on Thursday continued to price in the likelihood of just one reduction this year and even about a 15% chance of a hike, according to CME Group data . Here’s a quick look at where the major firms lined up: Citigroup is an outlier in how many cuts it sees coming, though its reasoning for easier policy ahead doesn’t differ that sharply from other firms. Essentially, most economists believe the Fed is correct that inflation metrics will show more easing through the year and get the central bank closer to its 2% annual goal. The issue is how much convincing that cautious policymakers will need and how quickly they’re willing to make a move without showing that they are vacillating on their commitment to stable prices. “Powell’s comments were consistent with our view that the Fed will proceed to lower rates as soon as either core inflation data softens or labor market data weakens,” Citigroup economist Andrew Hollenhorst wrote. Lower inflation numbers along with “a sharper deterioration” in the jobs outlook will lead the Fed to start cutting in July and keep going until it has lowered its fed funds benchmark by a full percentage point before the end of the year, he added. At Morgan Stanley, the firm’s chief U.S. economist, Ellen Zentner, was nearly as certain about rate cuts to start in July, though the inflation trends so far in 2024 “have narrowed the path to get there.” “Despite the lack of further progress in slack this year (in terms of both inflation and the labor market), the Committee has made meaningful progress toward its 2% goal over the past year,” she wrote. “We continue to see inflation moving lower, unemployment higher, and three cuts this year.” As for more consensus calls, Barclays thinks a September cut “at the soonest” with the prospects very much alive that the Fed will choose a harder line if the first-quarter inflation data is a harbinger of things to come. Marc Giannoni, chief U.S. economist at Barclays, noted that Powell, while indicating a hike is likely not in the cards , also did not repeat his recently stated expectations that rates would be lowered sometime this year. “If inflation comes in stronger than in our baseline, we would expect the first rate cut to be postponed to December,” he wrote. “We view this as almost as likely as our baseline scenario. For 2025, we continue to expect four rate cuts.” And Bank of America said the Fed is likely to stay on hold while it waits for more convincing evidence on inflation. “The Fed has shifted to a wait-and-see mode and is prepared to keep its policy rate where it is for as long as needed,” BofA economist Michael Gapen said. “Needing more time means later cuts.” — CNBC’s Michael Bloom contributed to this report.
TO GET A sense of what the Republican Party thinks of the electoral value of Elon Musk, listen to what Brad Schimel, a conservative candidate for the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, has to say about the billionaire. At an event on March 29th at an airsoft range (a more serious version of paintball) just outside Kenosha, five speakers, including Mr Schimel, spoke for over an hour about the importance of the election to the Republican cause. Mr Musk’s political action committees (PACs) have poured over $20m into the race, far more than any other donor’s. But over the course of the event, his name came up precisely zero times.
Customers shop for fresh fruits and vegetables in a supermarket in Munich, Germany, on March 8, 2025.
Michael Nguyen | Nurphoto | Getty Images
German inflation came in at a lower-than-expected 2.3% in March, preliminary data from the country’s statistics office Destatis showed Monday.
It compares to February’s 2.6% print, which was revised lower from a preliminary reading, and a poll of Reuters economists who had been expecting inflation to come in at 2.4% The print is harmonized across the euro area for comparability.
On a monthly basis, harmonized inflation rose 0.4%. Core inflation, which excludes food and energy costs, came in at 2.5%, below February’s 2.7% reading.
Meanwhile services inflation, which had long been sticky, also eased to 3.4% in March, from 3.8% in the previous month.
The data comes at a critical time for the German economy as U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariffs loom and fiscal and economic policy shifts at home could be imminent.
Trade is a key pillar for the German economy, making it more vulnerable to the uncertainty and quickly changing developments currently dominating global trade policy. A slew of levies from the U.S. are set to come into force this week, including 25% tariffs on imported cars — a sector that is key to Germany’s economy. The country’s political leaders and car industry heavyweights have slammed Trump’s plans.
Meanwhile Germany’s political parties are working to establish a new coalition government following the results of the February 2025 federal election. Negotiations are underway between the Christian Democratic Union, alongside its sister party the Christian Social Union, and the Social Democratic Union.
While various points of contention appear to remain between the parties, their talks have already yielded some results. Earlier this month, Germany’s lawmakers voted in favor of a major fiscal package, which included amendments to long-standing debt rules to allow for higher defense spending and a 500-billion-euro ($541 billion) infrastructure fund.
This is a breaking news story, please check back for updates.
U.S. President Donald Trump speaks to members of the media aboard Air Force One before landing in West Palm Beach, Florida, U.S., March 28, 2025.
Kevin Lamarque | Reuters
Policy uncertainty and new sweeping tariffs from the Trump administration are combining to create a stagflationary outlook for the U.S. economy in the latest CNBC Rapid Update.
The Rapid Update, averaging forecasts from 14 economists for GDP and inflation, sees first quarter growth registering an anemic 0.3% compared with the 2.3% reported in the fourth quarter of 2024. It would be the weakest growth since 2022 as the economy emerged from the pandemic.
Core PCE inflation, meanwhile, the Fed’s preferred inflation indicator, will remain stuck at around 2.9% for most of the year before resuming its decline in the fourth quarter.
Behind the dour GDP forecasts is new evidence that the decline in consumer and business sentiment is showing up in real economic activity. The Commerce Department on Friday reported that real, or inflation-adjusted consumer spending in February rose just 0.1%, after a decline of -0.6% in January. Action Economics dropped its outlook for spending growth to just 0.2% in this quarter from 4% in the fourth quarter.
“Signs of slowing in hard activity data are becoming more convincing, following an earlier worsening in sentiment,” wrote Barclays over the weekend.
Another factor: a surge of imports (which subtract from GDP) that appear to have poured into the U.S. ahead of tariffs.
The good news is the import effect should abate and only two of the 12 economists surveyed see negative growth in Q1. None forecast consecutive quarters of economic contraction. Oxford Economics, which has the lowest Q1 estimate at -1.6%, expects a continued drag from imports but sees second quarter GDP rebounding to 1.9%, because those imports will eventually end up boosting growth when they are counted in inventory or sales measures.
Recession risks rising
On average, most economists forecast a gradual rebound, with second quarter GDP averaging 1.4%, third quarter at 1.6% and the final quarter of the year rising to 2%.
The danger is an economy with anemic growth of just 0.3% could easily slip into negative territory. And, with new tariffs set to come this week, not everyone is so sure about a rebound.
“While our baseline doesn’t show a decline in real GDP, given the mounting global trade war and DOGE cuts to jobs and funding, there is a good chance GDP will decline in the first and even the second quarters of this year,” said Mark Zandi of Moody’s Analytics. “And a recession will be likely if the president doesn’t begin backtracking on the tariffs by the third quarter.”
Moody’s looks for anemic Q1 growth of just 0.4% that rebounds to 1.6% by year end, which is still modestly below trend.
Stubborn inflation will complicate the Fed’s ability to respond to flagging growth. Core PCE is expected at 2.8% this quarter, rising to 3% next quarter and staying roughly at that level until in drops to 2.6% a year from now.
While the market looks to be banking on rate cuts, the Fed could find them difficult to justify until inflation begins falling more convincingly at the end of the year.