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Medicare basics for accountants: Key considerations for advising clients

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Navigating Medicare can be a complex task for retirees, and accountants play a crucial role in guiding their clients through this essential aspect of retirement planning. This article aims to provide accountants with a comprehensive overview of Medicare, covering eligibility, enrollment periods, and the various parts (A, B, C, and D). We will also highlight critical considerations accountants should consider when advising clients, offering practical advice and strategies to help clients make informed decisions.

Understanding Medicare eligibility

Medicare is a federal program providing health insurance primarily to individuals aged 65 and older. However, it also covers younger individuals with disabilities or specific conditions like End-Stage Renal Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Eligibility is typically based on work history and Social Security benefits, with most beneficiaries paying Medicare taxes during their working years.

Enrollment periods

Enrolling in Medicare at the right time is crucial to avoid penalties and ensure continuous coverage. Here are the key enrollment periods accountants should be aware of:

  • Initial enrollment period: This seven-month period begins three months before a client’s 65th birthday, includes their birth month, and ends three months after. Enrolling during this period ensures timely coverage.
  • General enrollment period: If clients miss their IEP, they can enroll during the GEP from January 1 to March 31 each year, with coverage starting on July 1. However, late enrollment penalties may apply.
  • Special enrollment periods: Certain life events, such as losing employer coverage or moving out of a plan’s service area, allow clients to enroll outside the standard periods without penalties.
  • Late enrollment penalties: Delaying enrollment can result in higher premiums for Part B and Part D. It’s essential to advise clients to enroll on time to avoid these costs.
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Breakdown of Medicare parts

Medicare is divided into four parts, each covering different aspects of healthcare:

  • Part A (hospital insurance): This covers inpatient hospital stays, skilled nursing facility care, hospice, and some home health services. Most people don’t pay a premium for Part A if they or their spouse paid Medicare taxes for at least 10 years.
  • Part B (medical insurance): This covers outpatient care, preventive services, ambulance services, and medical equipment. Part B requires a monthly premium, which can vary based on income.
  • Part C (Medicare Advantage): Offered by private companies, these plans provide all Part A and Part B benefits and often include additional services like vision, dental and hearing. Premiums and coverage details vary by plan.
  • Part D (prescription drug coverage): This plan helps cover the cost of prescription drugs. Clients must choose a stand-alone Part D plan or a Medicare Advantage plan with drug coverage. Premiums and formularies (list of covered drugs) differ among plans.

Key considerations for accountants

Accountants should consider several factors when advising clients about Medicare:

  • Timing of enrollment: Proper timing can optimize benefits and avoid penalties. Encourage clients to mark their calendars and plan ahead.
  • Financial implications: Understanding the costs associated with each Medicare part, including premiums, deductibles, and co-insurance, is vital for budgeting.
  • Medigap (supplemental) policies: These policies can help cover out-of-pocket costs not covered by original Medicare. Evaluate the need for these plans based on the client’s health care needs and financial situation.
  • Tax implications: Medicare premiums and other health care costs can have tax implications. Be aware of deductions and credits that may apply.
  • Comprehensive retirement planning: Integrate Medicare planning into broader retirement strategies, considering healthcare costs a significant factor in retirement budgets.

Practical advice and strategies

Here are some practical steps to help clients navigate Medicare:

  • Step-by-step guidance: Walk clients through the enrollment process, explaining each step and necessary documents.
  • Clear communication: Use plain language to explain complex terms and ensure clients understand their options.
  • Resource utilization: Leverage tools and resources such as the Medicare.gov website, helplines, and seminars to stay updated on changes and provide accurate information.
  • Personalized advice: Tailor your advice to each client’s specific circumstances, considering their health needs, financial situation, and retirement goals.

Conclusion

Medicare is a critical component of retirement planning, and accountants have a significant role in helping clients make informed decisions. Accountants can provide valuable advisory services by understanding the basics of Medicare, including eligibility, enrollment periods, and the various parts. 

Integrating Medicare planning into comprehensive retirement strategies ensures clients are well-prepared for the health care aspects of their retirement years. Proactive engagement and personalized advice can substantially impact clients’ financial and overall well-being.

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Accounting

XcelLabs launches to help accountants use AI

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Jody Padar, an author and speaker known as “The Radical CPA,” and Katie Tolin, a growth strategist for CPAs, together launched a training and technology platform called XcelLabs.

XcelLabs provides solutions to help accountants use artificial technology fluently and strategically. The Pennsylvania Institute of CPAs and CPA Crossings joined with Padar and Tolin as strategic partners and investors.

“To reinvent the profession, we must start by training the professional who can then transform their firms,” Padar said in a statement. “By equipping people with data and insights that help them see things differently, they can provide better advice to their clients and firm.”

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Jody Padar

The platform includes XcelLabs Academy, a series of educational online courses on the basics of AI, being a better advisor, leadership and practice management; Navi, a proprietary tool that uses AI to help accountants turn unstructured data like emails, phone calls and meetings into insights; and training and consulting services. These offerings are currently in beta testing.

“Accountants know they need to be more advisory, but not everyone can figure out how to do it,” Tolin said in a statement. “Couple that with the fact that AI will be doing a lot of the lower-level work accountants do today, and we need to create that next level advisor now. By showing accountants how to unlock patterns in their actions and turn client conversations into emotionally intelligent advice, we can create the accounting professional of the future.”

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Katie Tolin

“AI is transforming how CPAs work, and XcelLabs is focused on helping the profession evolve with it,” PICPA CEO Jennifer Cryder said in a statement. “At PICPA, we’re proud to support a mission that aligns so closely with ours: empowering firms to use AI not just for efficiency, but to drive growth, value and long-term relevance.”

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Accounting is changing, and the world can’t wait until 2026

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The accountant the world urgently needs has evolved far beyond the traditional role we recognized just a few years ago. 

The transformation of the accounting profession is not merely an anticipated change; it is a pressing reality that is currently shaping business decisions, academic programs and the expected contributions of professionals. Yet, in many areas, accounting education stubbornly clings to outdated, overly technical models that fail to connect with the actual demands of the market. We must confront a critical question: If we continue to train accountants solely to file tax reports, are we truly equipping them for the challenges of today’s world? 

This shift in mindset extends beyond individual countries or educational systems; it is a global movement. The recent announcement of the CIMA/CGMA 2026 syllabus has made it unmistakably clear: merely knowing how to post journal entries is insufficient. Today’s accountants are required to interpret the landscape, anticipate risks and act with strategic awareness. Critical thinking, sustainable finance, technology and human behavior are not just supplementary topics; they are essential components in the education of any professional seeking to remain relevant. 

The CIMA/CGMA proposal for 2026 is not just a curriculum update; it is a powerful manifesto. This new program positions analytical thinking, strategic business partnering and technology application at the core of accounting education. It unequivocally highlights sustainability, aligning with IFRS S1 and S2, and expands the accountant’s responsibilities beyond mere numbers to encompass conscious leadership, environmental impact and corporate governance. 

The current changes in the accounting profession underscore an urgent shift in expectations from both educators and employers. Today, companies of all sizes and industries demand accountants who can do far more than interpret balance sheets. They expect professionals who grasp the deeper context behind the numbers, identify inconsistencies, anticipate potential issues before they escalate into losses, and act decisively as a bridge between data and decision making. 

To meet these expectations, a radical mindset shift is essential. There are firms still operating on autopilot, mindlessly repeating tasks with minimal critical analysis. Likewise, many academic programs continue to treat accounting as purely a technical discipline, disregarding the vital elements of reflection, strategy and behavioral insight. This outdated approach creates a significant mismatch. While the world forges ahead, parts of the accounting profession remain stuck in the past. 

The consequences of this shift are already becoming evident. The demand for compliance, transparency and sustainability now applies not only to large corporations but also to small and mid-sized businesses. Many of these organizations rely on professionals ill-equipped to drive the necessary changes, putting both business performance and the reputation of the profession at risk. 

The positive news is that accountants who are ready to thrive in this new era do not necessarily need additional degrees. What they truly need is a commitment to awareness, a dedication to continuous learning, and the courage to step beyond their comfort zones. The future of accounting is here, and it is firmly rooted in analytical, strategic and human-oriented perspectives. The 2026 curriculum is a clear indication of the changes underway. Those who fail to think critically and holistically will be left behind. 

In contrast, accountants who see the big picture, understand the ripple effects of their decisions, and actively contribute to the financial and ethical health of organizations will undeniably remain indispensable, anywhere in the world.

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Accounting

Republicans push Musk aside as Trump tax bill barrels forward

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Congressional Republicans are siding with Donald Trump in the messy divorce between the president and Elon Musk, an optimistic sign for eventual passage of a tax cut bill at the root of the two billionaires’ public feud.

Lawmakers are largely taking their cues from Trump and sticking by the $3 trillion bill at the center of the White House’s economic agenda. Musk, the biggest political donor of the 2024 cycle, has threatened to help primary anyone who votes for the legislation, but lawmakers are betting that staying in the president’s good graces is the safer path to political survival.

“The tax bill is not in jeopardy. We are going to deliver on that,” House Speaker Mike Johnson told reporters on Friday.

“I’ll tell you what — do not doubt, don’t second guess and do not challenge the President of the United States Donald Trump,” he added. “He is the leader of the party. He’s the most consequential political figure of our time.”

A fight between Trump and Musk exploded into public view this week. The sparring started with the tech titan calling the president’s tax bill a “disgusting abomination,” but quickly escalated to more personal attacks and Trump threatening to cancel all federal contracts and subsidies to Musk’s companies, such as Tesla Inc. and SpaceX which have benefitted from government ties.

Republicans on Capitol Hill, who had —  until recently — publicly embraced Musk, said they weren’t swayed by the billionaire’s criticism that the bill cost too much. Lawmakers have refuted official estimates of the package, saying that the tax cuts for households, small businesses and politically important groups — including hospitality and hourly workers — will generate enough economic growth to offset the price tag.

“I don’t tell my friend Elon, I don’t argue with him about how to build rockets, and I wish he wouldn’t argue with me about how to craft legislation and pass it,” Johnson told CNBC earlier Friday.

House Budget Committee Chair Jodey Arrington told reporters that House lawmakers are focused on working with the Senate as it revises the bill to make sure the legislation has the political support in both chambers to make it to Trump’s desk for his signature. 

“We move past the drama and we get the substance of what is needed to make the modest improvements that can be made,” he said.

House fiscal hawks said that they hadn’t changed their prior positions on the legislation based on Musk’s statements. They also said they agree with GOP leaders that there will be other chances to make further spending cuts outside the tax bill. 

Representative Tom McClintock, a fiscal conservative, said “the bill will pass because it has to pass,” adding that both Musk and Trump needed to calm down. “They both need to take a nap,” he said.

Even some of the House bill’s most vociferous critics appeared resigned to its passage. Kentucky Representative Thomas Massie, who voted against the House version, predicted that despite Musk’s objections, the Senate will make only small changes.

“The speaker is right about one thing. This barely passed the House. If they muck with it too much in the Senate, it may not pass the House again,” he said.

Trump is pressuring lawmakers to move at breakneck speed to pass the tax-cut bill, demanding they vote on the bill before the July 4 holiday. The president has been quick to blast critics of the bill — including calling Senator Rand Paul “crazy” for objecting to the inclusion of a debt ceiling increase in the package.

As the legislation worked its way through the House last month, Trump took to social media to criticize holdouts and invited undecided members to the White House to compel them to support the package. It passed by one vote.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune — who is planning to unveil his chamber’s version of the bill as soon as next week — said his timeline is unmoved by Musk. 

“We are already pretty far down the trail,” he said.

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