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What are the odds of an upset in Texas or Florida?

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“I’VE BEEN saying this for months now and a lot of people haven’t listened, but now they are: the stars are aligning in both Texas and Florida,” says Jaime Harrison, the chair of the Democratic National Committee. Aboard a swanky campaign bus in Jacksonville, Florida’s largest city, Mr Harrison’s tone shifts to distress as he explains that his party needs “multiple pathways to get the Senate majority”. In the final weeks of the campaign the map has become more daunting for Democrats. To their dismay, holding the upper chamber may now depend on flipping seats in America’s two biggest Republican-controlled states, where Donald Trump is expected to win comfortably.

New polls have Democrats like Mr Harrison feeling optimistic. Last week one in Texas showed Colin Allred, a linebacker-turned-congressman, in a dead heat with Ted Cruz, the Republican incumbent. In Florida Debbie Mucarsel-Powell, an Ecuadorean immigrant and one-term congresswoman, is trailing behind Rick Scott by as few as two or three points in her best polls. But The Economist’s forecast model, which accounts for other factors like candidate experience and the state’s voting history, shows a less rosy picture. By our reckoning, in each race Democrats have only a one-in-five chance of victory.

The Democratic Party is nonetheless hanging its hopes on these two races in part because the Republican incumbents are both deeply disliked. Mr Cruz, who has represented Texas since 2013, is a hardliner known for picking fights and not being a team player. “If you killed Ted Cruz on the floor of the Senate, and the trial was in the Senate, nobody would convict you,” Lindsey Graham, his colleague from South Carolina, teased in 2016. In 2021 Mr Cruz’s approval rating in Texas dropped when he jetted off to Cancún as his constituents suffered through a winter storm that left millions without power. On policy, his indelible support for Texas’s near-total abortion ban, one of America’s harshest, has done nothing to endear him to the plurality of Texans who support fewer restrictions.

Unpopularity contests

Mr Scott, in Florida, may be the rare politician with even fewer friends than Mr Cruz. He entered politics after the hospital chain he founded and ran had to pay out in America’s biggest Medicare fraud. After serving two terms as governor he won a Senate race in 2018 and was put in charge of the party’s campaign arm for the 2022 midterms. He presented a hard-right plan to remake the Republican Party, which included a proposal to sunset entitlement programmes that went over as poorly nationally as it did in Florida, a state where one in five residents is a pensioner. When Republicans did badly, they blamed him.

Mr Scott responded by challenging Mitch McConnell for the job of Senate majority leader. “Now I’m seeking to become the least popular man in Washington and I’m happy to report I’m making great progress,” he quipped in a speech at the Conservative Political Action Conference last year. At home his inability to curb Florida’s property-insurance crisis throughout his political career has left many locals reeling as hurricanes batter the coast and bankrupt families.

Democrats wanted both Republicans to have to confront these liabilities. Yet it was not until late September that the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, responsible for getting Democrats elected, went on the offensive in Texas and Florida with a pair of multimillion-dollar ad-buys. Ms Mucarsel-Powell, Mr Scott’s opponent who says her initials stand for “Don’t Mess with my People”, reckons the money was too little, too late. In other battleground states, “you’re seeing investment and of course then you see shifts,” she says, but without that kind of cashflow to help the campaign talk to voters “nothing is going to happen.” Mr Scott, who in the past has written himself big cheques when he senses his rival in striking distance, has not spent even half of what he did in 2018, when he won by less than one point. Democrats hope that Florida’s ballot initiatives to legalise marijuana and codify abortion rights will give Ms Mucarsel-Powell a last-minute boost.

Plateauing poll numbers in Florida have national Democrats turning to Texas, where there seems to be better mojo after Mr Allred faced off with Mr Cruz in a debate two weeks ago. On October 25th Kamala Harris appeared at a rally with Mr Allred in Houston. It was the first time in decades that a Democratic presidential candidate has visited the state so close to election day. But on such conservative terrain any down-ballot Democrat is bound to struggle in a presidential cycle. This year “a vote against Ted Cruz is a vote against Donald Trump,” says Jason Sabo, a Democratic lobbyist in Austin.

Those paying attention to the campaigns could be forgiven for feeling a sense of déjà vu. Democrats have perennially promised that an increasingly diverse electorate would flip both states in their favour, only to suffer repeated losses. This time around some admit that they are playing the long game. In Texas a band of Democratic leaders launched the Agave PAC to build party infrastructure and “move past the boom-and-bust cycle of excitement”. And in Florida Nikki Fried, the state’s new Democratic Party chair, talks soberly about this year’s prospects. For the first time since the state flipped Republican the party is running state legislative candidates in every district, knowing they will lose in races big and small. “We’ve got to start somewhere,” she says.

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Economics

Mnuchin says Trump’s top priorities will include tax cuts and tariffs

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Former Treasury Secretary Mnuchin: Tariffs need to be used to get counterparties back to the table

President-elect Donald Trump likely will return to cornerstones of his previous economic platform such as tariffs, lower taxes and sanctions when he assumes office in January, his former Treasury secretary said Thursday.

Steven Mnuchin, who held the post throughout Trump’s first term from 2017-21, told CNBC that he sees those items as critical to the Republican’s agenda.

Tax cuts are “a signature part of his program,” Mnuchin said in a “Squawk Box” interview. “I think that should be easy to pass in Congress, particularly if the Republicans control the House as well, which it looks like it will be.”

Also on the agenda would be tariffs, which Trump implemented on multiple items during his first term and promised to do again.

“I think that tariffs do need to be used to get counterparties back to the table, especially China, which is not living up to all of the agreements they made,” Mnuchin said.

Finally, he indicated that nations such as Iran and Russia can expect to see sanctions again. The Trump administration levied measures against petroleum producers in Iran in 2019 because they were owned by the Revolutionary Guard.

“The sanctions on Iran and Russia were very impactful. In the case of Iran, they’re now selling millions of barrels of oil, which needs to be stopped,” Mnuchin said.

Outside of those issues, Mnuchin, who said he likely would not take an official role in the Trump administration but would “be happy to serve from the outside,” expects Trump to take on other issues such as steep deficit spending.

“I think he’s in a position now, particularly with this overwhelming result, to take on difficult issues, and I think that’s got to be part of government spending,” he said.

Mnuchin is the founder of Liberty Strategic Capital.

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Economics

What a Republican trifecta will mean for governing

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DONALD TRUMP won a decisive victory in the presidential contest and is on track to become the first Republican in two decades to win the popular vote. His party also won the Senate and is favoured to regain full control of Congress by retaining the House of Representatives. It could take weeks before his party knows the size of its Senate majority and whether its apparent House victory is confirmed. The final margins in both chambers will set the scope of Mr Trump’s freedom to enact his second-term agenda.

In any event, Mr Trump’s leeway to appoint cabinet members, confirm judges, and influence spending and tax legislation in Congress is likely to be expansive. His victory ratified his iron grip on the Republican Party and the potency of his MAGA ideology and coalition. During his first term and in exile after his defeat in 2020, Mr Trump struggled at times to impose his will; his second term from January will begin with fewer constraints.

Yet sharing power with independent-minded senators and fractious congressmen is a fact of presidential life that even Mr Trump cannot wave away. The Senate has welcomed a slate of Trumpish Republican members in recent years, but remains a bastion of pre-Trump conservatism. The size of the Republican majority in the upper chamber will determine whether moderates like Susan Collins of Maine and Lisa Murkowski of Alaska are able to stifle Mr Trump’s worst impulses, particularly on staffing. In addition to the cabinet, senators must approve more than 1,000 senior jobs, from deputy department heads to generals and ambassadors.

Mr Trump’s campaign to reshape the federal judiciary will also require Senate endorsement. Nothing united Republicans during Mr Trump’s first term quite like his judicial nominations. He enjoyed a Republican-controlled Senate for four years, and under the leadership of Mitch McConnell the body approved 234 of his nominees, including three Supreme Court justices. It is now plausible that an outright majority of the high court will have been chosen by Mr Trump by the time his second term ends.

Mr McConnell, however, will not be leading Republicans next year. On November 13th the Senate will vote in what is currently a three-way race to replace him. John Thune, Mr McConnell’s leadership deputy, is the front-runner. John Cornyn of Texas represents Mr Thune’s biggest threat. Rick Scott of Florida is running a long-shot race from the right. Mr Thune, an establishment figure close to Mr McConnell, once had a rocky relationship with Mr Trump but has since patched it up. He looks likely to become a big figure in haggling between the White House, the House and the Senate.

Key provisions of Mr Trump’s 2017 tax-cutting law will expire in the absence of legislative action next year. Negotiations have yet to begin in earnest, but some battle lines are already being drawn. A Republican-controlled Senate is likely to fight to keep a contentious cap on tax deductions in high-tax states, but if Republicans secure a House majority because of wins in the high-tax states of California and New York, that would prompt a showdown between the two chambers. Congress will also have a say on whether to expand the child tax credit; whether to increase or cut corporate and individual rates; whether to fulfil campaign promises such as removing taxes on tips; and many other measures. On these matters the margins in both chambers will be as important as Mr Trump’s preferences.

The outcome in the House is the biggest unknown. From Alaska to Maine, there are still House races that remain too close to call. The non-partisan Cook Political Report now predicts a very narrow Republican majority in the lower chamber. A House Republican strategist reckons his party could lose one or two seats from its present five-seat majority.

If Mr Trump’s party does hold the lower chamber, House Republicans will have to appoint a speaker, a task that has repeatedly plunged its divided caucus into disarray. The incumbent, Mike Johnson, took the stage with Mr Trump in Palm Beach, just before 2:30am on Wednesday morning. In between praising the MAGA movement and his wife Melania, Mr Trump added, “I want to thank Mike Johnson, I think he’s doing a terrific job. Terrific job.” Any intraparty attempt to oust Mr Johnson will prompt a direct confrontation with Mr Trump, who will clearly have the upper hand after his thumping win.

Yet the probable Republican sweep in this election was a collective effort. After Republicans picked up an expected seat in West Virginia, networks called the Ohio Senate race—the most expensive in the country—for Bernie Moreno, who unseated Sherrod Brown, a three-term Democratic incumbent. The defeat of Jon Tester, a long-serving Democrat in deeply Republican Montana, secured their 52nd seat. And Republicans still have room to increase this new majority. Democratic incumbents remain within one point of their Republican challengers in Nevada and Pennsylvania. The Republicans could have 53 or 54 senators in the 100-seat body once all the votes are counted.

At the time of writing 412 of 435 House races have been called, with Republicans still five seats short of the 218 they need to maintain control of the chamber. At least one race seems destined for a recount, and others will be difficult to call soon.

Once the election is settled, in addition to tax legislation, other fights loom. The lame-duck Congress could pass another in a succession of short-term government-funding bills, but at some point in 2025 Congress will be responsible for a proper budget. And the Senate Armed Services Committee will now be led by a Republican who wants to increase defence spending to 5% of GDP.

Mr Trump has been endowed with plenty of political capital. How to spend it will be a subject of factional arguments, but the direction of travel is clear.

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Economics

What role might Trump give Robert F. Kennedy junior?

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AS DONALD Trump returns to power, several colourful characters surround him. One is Elon Musk. Another is Robert F. Kennedy junior, a vaccine-sceptic, conspiracy-theorist and excommunicated member of the Kennedy clan, who says he has “so many skeletons in my closet that if they could vote, I could be king of the world”.

Mr Kennedy joined the Trump campaign in August, after dropping out as an independent candidate. Since then Mr Trump has promised to let him “go wild” on health, food and medicine. In his victory speech on November 6th he singled Mr Kennedy out as the man who would help “Make America Healthy Again”. Although Mr Trump has been vague about what role he has in mind, Mr Kennedy claims he was promised “control of the public health agencies”.

This possibility has spooked those working in related fields. Mr Kennedy’s history of repeating debunked health claims, most damningly about linking childhood vaccines to autism, has been particularly damaging in a country where science has become deeply politicised. Even Mr Trump’s former surgeon-general has warned against appointing him to a senior post.

In a sign of what might lie ahead, Mr Kennedy warned on October 25th, on X, that the Food and Drug Administration’s “war on public health is about to end”, accusing it of suppressing psychedelics, stem cells, raw milk, hydroxychloroquine, sunshine and “anything else that advances human health and can’t be patented by Pharma”. On November 2nd he posted that the Trump White House would on its first day “advise all US water systems to remove fluoride from public water”.

What job, if any, might Mr Trump give him? That of secretary of health or FDA chief would require Senate confirmation, a spectacle Mr Trump may want to avoid. More likely might be an informal “health tsar” role. This could leave Mr Kennedy stuck in the White House basement with a meaningless title, or at the heart of power with the president’s ear. Much will depend on whether his boss gets sick of him.

Stay on top of American politics with The US in brief, our daily newsletter with fast analysis of the most important electoral stories, and Checks and Balance, a weekly note from our Lexington columnist that examines the state of American democracy and the issues that matter to voters.

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