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How the mother of all ‘short squeezes’ helped drive stocks to historic gains Wednesday

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A trader works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange during afternoon trading on April 9, 2025 in New York. 

Angela Weiss | Afp | Getty Images

A massive number of hedge fund short sellers rushed to close out their positions during Wednesday afternoon’s sudden surge in stocks, turning a stunning rally into one for the history books.

Traders — betting on share price declines — had piled on a record number of short bets against the U.S. stocks ahead of Wednesday as President Donald Trump initially rolled out steeper-than-expected tariffs.

In order to sell short, hedge funds borrow the security they’re betting against from a bank and sell it. Then as the security decreases in price from where they sold it, they buy it back more cheaply and return it to the bank, profiting from the difference.

But sometimes that can backfire.

As stocks soared on news of the tariff pause, hedge funds were forced to buy back their borrowed stocks rapidly in order to limit their losses, a Wall Street phenomenon known as a short squeeze. With this artificial buying force pushing it higher, the S&P 500 ended up with its third-biggest gain since World War II.

Coming into Wednesday, short positioning was almost twice as much as the size seen in the first quarter of 2020 amid the onset of the Covid pandemic, according to Bank of America. As funds ran to cover, a basket of the most shorted stocks surged by 12.5% Wednesday, according to Goldman Sachs, pulling off a larger jump than the S&P 500‘s 9.5% gain.

And a whopping 30 billion shares traded on U.S. exchanges during the session, marking the heaviest volume day on record, according to Nasdaq and FactSet data going back 18 years.

“You can’t catch a move. When you see someone short covering, the exit doors become so small because of these crowded trades,” said Jeff Kilburg, KKM Financial CEO and CIO. “We live in a world where there’s more and more twitchiness to the marketplace, there’s more and more paranoia.”

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Of course, there were real buyers too. Long-only funds bought a record amount of tech stocks during the session, especially the last three hours of the day, according to data from Bank of America.

But traders credit the shorts running for cover for the magnitude of the move.

“The pain on the short side is palpable; the whipsaw we have witnessed the past few weeks is extreme,” Oppenheimer’s trading desk said in a note. “What we saw in tech on that rise was obviously covering but more so real buyers adding on to higher quality semis.”

Thin liquidity also played a role in Wednesday’s monster moves. The size of stock futures (CME E-Mini S&P 500 Futures) one can trade with the click of your mouse dropped to an all-time low of $2 million on Monday, according to Goldman Sachs data. Drastically thin markets tends to fuel outsized price swings. 

Markets were pulling back Thursday as investors realized the economy is still in danger from super-high China tariffs and the uncertainty that daily negotiations with other countries will bring over the next three months.

There are still big short positions left in the market, traders said.

That could fuel things again, if the market starts to rally again.

“The desk view is that short covering is far from over,” Bank of America’s trading desk said in a note. “Our reasoning is that the market can’t de-risk a short in less than 3 hours which provided 20%+ SPX Index downside & major reduction in NET LEVERAGE over 7 seven weeks.”

“No shot it cleared in less than 3 hours,” Bank of America said.

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Finance

Stocks making the biggest moves midday: Frontier Group, JPMorgan, Apple, Stellantis, BlackRock and more

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These are the stocks posting the largest moves in midday trading.

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Finance

March inflation drops to lowest point in more than 3 years

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Egg prices keep soaring, but inflation is moving in the right direction. (iStock)

Consumer prices fell 0.1% in March, according to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This is the first monthly drop since July 2022.

Annual inflation increased 2.4% compared to a 2.8% increase registered in February. Core inflation, which excludes volatile energy and food prices, grew at a pace of 2.8% over the last year, the smallest 12-month increase since March 2021. A decline of 6.3% in gas prices more than offset increases in the indexes for electricity and natural gas. Food, however, rose 0.4% in March. The meats, poultry, fish and eggs index rose 7.9% over the last 12 months and the price of eggs alone jumped 60.4%.

Inflation continues to move towards the Federal Reserve’s 2% target rate. Still, the impact of President Donald Trump’s implementation of new tariff measures could derail this progress and hinder economic growth, according to Jim Baird, Plante Moran Financial Advisors’ chief investment officer.

“As consumers brace for the impact of tariffs on prices on a host of staples and discretionary goods, there’s considerable uncertainty on what that near-term magnitude of the impact will be for growth and inflation, although the direction for each is clearer,” Baird said. “That’s sent economists scrambling to update their forecasts to lower growth and increase expected inflation for the duration of the year.”

Despite concerns about the effects of President Trump’s tariffs, the Fed continues to hold interest rates steady, and it’s not expected to make any significant changes soon, including a potential rate cut. While tariffs could lead to higher inflation and slower economic growth, the Fed is waiting for more clarity on the full impact of these policies before deciding on any course of action. 

If you are struggling with high inflation, consider taking out a personal loan to pay down debt at a lower interest rate, reducing your monthly payments. Visit Credible to find your personalized interest rate without affecting your credit score.

MORTGAGE RATES HIT A TWO-MONTH LOW THIS WEEK, REMAIN UNDER 7%

Recession risks increasing

President Trump’s tariffs are also contributing to an increased risk of recession. Several major financial institutions, including Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan, have raised their recession probabilities. According to Baird, part of the problem is that as prices rise due to tariffs, consumers may decide to curb their spending.

“Sentiment has soured in recent months, and there are already signs of not only a more cautious mood but more constrained spending,” Baird said. “Prices may rise, but that doesn’t mean that consumers will pay any price for any product. Some may grumble but continue to spend, but many are much more likely to trade down to cheaper alternatives or delay discretionary purchases.

“That reality raises the probability of a more notable slowdown in the pace of the economy, with the risk of recession also rising,” Baird continued.

You can take out a personal loan before future rate hikes to help pay down high-interest debt. Visit Credible to find your personal loan rate without affecting your credit score.

CALIFORNIA’S HOMEOWNERS INSURANCE INDUSTRY FACES ROUGH ROAD AHEAD AS WILDFIRES CONTINUE

Spring homebuying season looks promising

March shelter inflation data showed it dropped to 4.0% from 4.2% in February. That’s good news since shelter inflation has been a major force in keeping inflation elevated in recent years and could help move the needle on interest rates.

Mortgage rates continue to trend down, remaining under 7% for the twelfth consecutive week and could boost spring sales, according to Freddie Mac Chief Economist Sam Khater.

“As purchase applications continue to climb, the spring homebuying season is shaping up to look more favorable than last year,” Khater said.

The average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage was 6.62% for the week ending April 10, according to Freddie Mac’s latest Primary Mortgage Market Survey. That’s a decrease from the previous week, when it averaged 6.64% and lower than the 6.88% it was a year ago. 

“Unfortunately, inflation remains painfully stubborn, well above the Fed’s 2% target for lowering rates,” said Gabe Abshire, Move Concierge CEO. “Considering the housing sector has lower exposure to the current global trade environment, it would be helpful for the Fed to lower rates and boost the Spring and Summer home buying market.”

If you want to become a homeowner, you can find your best mortgage rates by shopping around. Visit Credible to compare your options without affecting your credit score. 

FHFA ANNOUNCES HIGHER MORTGAGE LOAN LIMITS FOR 2025

Have a finance-related question, but don’t know who to ask? Email The Credible Money Expert at [email protected] and your question might be answered by Credible in our Money Expert column.

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Finance

Tariff turmoil and bond market shock: More challenges ahead?

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Inside the mystery of rising bond yields and why the sector is still attractive

A global trade slowdown tied to U.S. tariffs will likely create a more challenging environment for bond fund managers, according to financial futurist Dave Nadig.

“All of these capital holding requirements that led to buying U.S. Treasurys are kind of unwinding at the same time,” the former ETF.com CEO told CNBC’s “ETF Edge” on Wednesday. “So, the traditional math of things are bad for stocks, [and] everybody is going to buy bond just isn’t working out this time because the kind of shock we’re seeing is one we’ve never seen before.”  

The benchmark 10-year Treasury Note yield increased to 4.4% on Thursday. The yield is up more than 10 percent just this week. Last Friday, it touched 3.86%.

Nadig thinks slowing trade will continue to impact market activity.

“When you have less trade, you need to finance less trade,” he said. “Historically, people have needed to finance dollars. That’s why every country in the world buys U.S. Treasurys. It helps them manage their international trade with the United States. So, if we’re slowing down the amount of international trade, we should expect in aggregate the holdings of bonds to probably come down.”

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