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Powell and the Fed won’t be able to avoid talking about Trump forever

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Federal Reserve Board Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell speaks during a news conference following a Federal Open Market Committee meeting in Washington on November 07, 2024 in Washington, DC. 

Kent Nishimura | Getty Images

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell dodged question after question at his Thursday news conference from a press corps eager to elicit the central bank leader’s thoughts about President-elect Donald Trump.

At some point, though, Fed policymakers, economists and analysts will need to account for what likely will be an ambitious economic — not to mention political — agenda from the firebrand Republican.

Trump took a dim view of the Powell Fed during his first term in office, calling policymakers “boneheads” and once compared Powell to a golfer who couldn’t putt. Powell, who was nominated by Trump in Nov. 2017 and took office the following February, largely shrugged off the criticism then, and he again deflected Thursday.

“I’m not going to get into any of the political things here today, but thank you,” Powell said during the news conference after being asked at least half a dozen times about the Trump victory and its ramifications. Powell cut the session short around 3:12 p.m. ET, a few minutes earlier than normal following the round of politics-heavy questioning.

However, dealing with the ramifications of a Trump presidency will be almost unavoidable for the Fed leader.

Among the expected policy initiatives on the way are steep tax cuts, expansionary government spending and aggressive tariffs aimed at leveling a global playing field. Trump also has threatened mass deportations for undocumented immigrants, something that could alter the labor market landscape.

How the Trump-Powell relationship unfolds this time is unclear — Powell’s term as chair is up in February 2026 — but it is likely to add another wrinkle into a delicate balance the Fed is trying to navigate with monetary policy.

Differences in policies, politics

“They’re going to get themselves in a bind here, because the communication is going to get much more difficult, and there’s going to be a new administration coming in with its own way of how to view policy,” said Joseph LaVorgna, chief economist at SMBC Nikko Securities.

“It’s not clear to me that that the Fed is going to have the same type of approach of what the [new] administration is doing, and that I think could set up a lot more tension,” he added.

LaVorgna has a unique perspective on the situation, having served as the chief economist for the National Economic Council under Trump. He could be headed back to Washington in 2025 for another stint in the White House.

Fed Chair Powell on whether the president has the power to fire him: 'Not permitted under the law'

Like Trump, LaVorgna has been a Fed critic, though for a seemingly opposite reason as thinks the central bank made a mistake Thursday in lowering its benchmark interest rate by a quarter percentage point. LaVorgna instead advocated the Fed hold off until it can get a clearer picture of a muddied economic landscape with uncertainty over the direction of inflation and unemployment.

Trump historically has favored lower rates, though that too could change if the Fed cuts and inflation rises.

“What if, going forward, the outlook becomes more mixed?” Lavorgna said. “To me, it was obvious they shouldn’t be cutting. And then President Trump I think [could] properly ask, ‘Why are you cutting when things [with inflation] actually don’t look as solid as they might have before?'”

Many economists think Trump’s policies could help stoke inflation at a time when signs are showing that, at least on a relative basis, the pace of price increases is easing back towards the Fed’s 2% target. Some of those economists already this week started marking up their inflation estimates and cutting their outlook for growth, despite a high level of uncertainty about what the Trump agenda will actually entail.

Should those forecasts come true and inflation perk up, the Fed will have no choice but to respond, possibly by slowing the pace of rate cuts or stopping altogether.

Uncertainty ahead

While Powell avoided Trump talk, Wall Street commentary following the Fed’s decision Thursday to lower rates by another quarter percentage point addressed the potential fallout.

“The upcoming year in Federal Reserve policy is going to be a remarkably interesting twelve months indeed,” wrote Joseph Brusuelas, chief economist at RSM.

In a forecast that is close to the Wall Street consensus as well as the fed funds futures market, Brusuelas expects the Fed to lop another full percentage point off baseline rates in 2025. But that outlook could be subject to change.

“This forecast is based on the economic status quo holding, all else being equal,” Brusuelas said. “Because we are entering an era of unorthodox economic populism, that forecast is subject to changes in both trade and immigration policy that could alter the path of employment, the unemployment rate and wage pressures that could cause an increase in the price level.”

While some economists worry that Trump’s policies could cause major fallout, others are taking a more measured approach given the incoming president’s penchant for saber rattling.

Despite implementing heavy tariffs that economists also feared would raise prices dramatically, inflation never topped 3% at any point during Trump’s term and in fact barely cracked 2% as judged by the Fed’s preferred indicator. Moreover, Biden kept Trump’s tariffs largely in place and even added some new ones on electric cars and other items.

Ultimately, the next round of tariffs could add about 0.3% to inflation, according to Nationwide Chief Economist, Kathy Bostjancic.

“We anticipate this should provide reason for the Fed to slow the rate of policy easing a bit, but not stop it,” she said. “Our call for substantive rate cuts over the next year would maintain the easing in financial market conditions that helps lower borrowing costs for consumers and businesses and continues to support the labor market and ongoing expansion.”

Still, the prospect of the Fed asserting its independence and moving policy in either direction, irrespective of Trump’s wishes, sets up a potential clash.

Trump previously has asserted that the president at least should be consulted on monetary policy. Fed officials, though, insist on independence from fiscal and political considerations, which could get tougher in the days ahead.

“The easy cuts have been made, and maybe December won’t be too contentious either,” said Elyse Ausenbaugh, head of investment strategy at J.P. Morgan Wealth Management. “Thereafter, I imagine the Fed is asking the same questions as investors – to what extent and when will the incoming Trump administration implement its campaign policy proposals?”

Economics

Trump tariffs could cause summer economic slump: Chicago Fed president

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Austan Goolsbee, President and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, speaks to the Economic Club of New York in New York City, U.S., April 10, 2025. 

Brendan McDermid | Reuters

Business owners and CEOs are already stocking up on inventory, and some American shoppers are panic buying big-ticket items in anticipation of President Donald Trump’s tariffs. The sudden buying binge could cause an “artificially high” level of economic activity, said Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago President Austan Goolsbee.

“That kind of preemptive purchasing is probably even more pronounced on the business side,” Goolsbee told CBS’ “Face The Nation” on Sunday, adding: “We heard a lot about preemptive building-up of inventories that could last 60 days, 90 days, if there [was] going to be more uncertainty.”

Businesses stockpiling inventory and consumers accelerating their purchasing decisions — buying an Apple iPhone now, say, rather than waiting until the fall — may inflate U.S. economic activity in April and lead to a slowdown in the coming months, Goolsbee suggested.

“Activity might look artificially high in the initial, and then by the summer, might fall off — because people have bought it all,” he said.

Sectors affected by Trump’s tariffs, particularly the auto industry, are most likely to heavily stock up on inventory now before import levies on goods from other countries potentially rise further, said Goolsbee. Many car parts, electronic components and other big-ticket consumer items are manufactured in China, for example, which currently faces a 145% total tariff rate on goods imported to the United States.

Trump’s tariffs on a bevy of other countries are currently in the middle of a 90-day pause, with a 10% baseline tariff rate instead applying to all imported goods across the board. The pause is due to expire on July 9, with Trump touting a series of rate negotiations with foreign leaders between now and then.

“We don’t know, 90 days from now, when they’ve revisited the tariffs, we don’t know how big they’re going to be,” Goolsbee said.

Some U.S. business owners who buy goods manufactured in China say they already can’t afford to place rush orders on inventory. Matt Rollens, owner and CEO of Granite Bay, California-based novelty drinkware company Dragon Glassware, says he’s temporarily holding his products in China because paying the 145% levy would force him to raise consumer prices by at least 50%, likely drying up customer demand.

Rollens has enough inventory in the U.S. to last roughly until June, and hopes the tariffs will be rolled back by then, he told CNBC Make It on April 11.

Short-term uncertainty and financial pain aside, the Fed’s Goolsbee expressed optimism about the country’s longer-term economic outlook.

“If we can get through this, it’s important to remember: The hard data coming into April was pretty good. The unemployment rate [was] around steady full employment, inflation [was] coming down,” he said. “It’s just a desire of people expressing they don’t want to back to ’21 and ’22, at a time when inflation was really raging out of control.”

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Economics

Donald Trump wants a certain kind of immigrant: the uber-rich

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IN HIS LOVE of lucre Donald Trump can be crass. In their pursuit of efficiency, free marketeers can be, too. Consider the sale of citizenship. Most people dislike the idea of treating national belonging as a commodity. Yet about a dozen countries hawk passports and more than 60, including America, offer residency in exchange for an investment or donation. Its “golden-visa” scheme is cumbersome, under-priced and inefficient. On this point the president and the market agree.

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Economics

Checks and Balance newsletter: The Democrats’ future is up for grabs

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Checks and Balance newsletter: The Democrats’ future is up for grabs

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