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Small biz sales growth under pressure in Fed survey

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More small business owners reported a decline in sales last year than an increase, the first time that’s been the case since 2021, according to an annual survey by the Federal Reserve. 

Business owners reported operational challenges including rising costs and wages, Fed analysts said Thursday in a report based on the Small Business Credit Survey. That research was carried out between September and early November of last year, before the presidential election.

For the majority of firms, profitability remained elusive. Roughly one in five reported that they broke even in the 12 months before the survey and 35% said they posted a loss. Still, owners remained broadly optimistic, with 58% saying they expected revenue to increase in the next 12 months.

The survey pre-dates the return of President Donald Trump to the White House, which has raised a new set of issues for U.S. entrepreneurs. An index of small-business optimism surged after Trump was elected, and many firms are enthused by his proposals to cut taxes and regulation, but there’s also mounting concern that his tariffs will raise prices and squeeze margins.   

The Fed study found that 19% of firms were growing — defined as increasing their revenues as well as employees, while planning to keep future staffing levels steady or raise them. That figure was down from 22% in the previous two years.

To respond to financial challenges, more than half of owners said they used personal funds and almost half raised prices. Almost one-quarter of respondents said they juggled bills and failed to make a payment on time, while more than one-third said they cut staff or hours, or downsized operations. Further, 58% of firms said they regularly use credit cards for financing and credit needs.

A growing share of firms said they’re finding that lenders have become stricter. Among companies that sought financing but were not approved, some 41% said they were denied credit because they have too much debt — almost double the share in the previous year’s survey. 

The Small Business Credit Survey is a collaboration between all 12 Federal Reserve banks, focused on conditions at firms with fewer than 500 workers. More than 7,600 small businesses responded to last year’s survey.

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Accounting

Acting IRS commissioner reportedly replaced

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Gary Shapley, who was named only days ago as the acting commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service, is reportedly being replaced by Deputy Treasury Secretary Michael Faulkender amid a power struggle between Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Elon Musk.

The New York Times reported that Bessent was outraged that Shapley was named to head the IRS without his knowledge or approval and complained to President Trump about it. Shapley was installed as acting commissioner on Tuesday, only to be ousted on Friday. He first gained prominence as an IRS Criminal Investigation special agent and whistleblower who testified in 2023 before the House Oversight Committee that then-President Joe Biden’s son Hunter received preferential treatment during a tax-evasion investigation, and he and another special agent had been removed from the investigation after complaining to their supervisors in 2022. He was promoted last month to senior advisor to Bessent and made deputy chief of IRS Criminal Investigation. Shapley is expected to remain now as a senior official at IRS Criminal Investigation, according to the Wall Street Journal. The IRS and the Treasury Department press offices did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Faulkender was confirmed last month as deputy secretary at the Treasury Department and formerly worked during the first Trump administration at the Treasury on the Paycheck Protection Program before leaving to teach finance at the University of Maryland.

Faulkender will be the fifth head of the IRS this year. Former IRS commissioner Danny Werfel departed in January, on Inauguration Day, after Trump announced in December he planned to name former Congressman Billy Long, R-Missouri, as the next IRS commissioner, even though Werfel’s term wasn’t scheduled to end until November 2027. The Senate has not yet scheduled a confirmation hearing for Long, amid questions from Senate Democrats about his work promoting the Employee Retention Credit and so-called “tribal tax credits.” The job of acting commissioner has since been filled by Douglas O’Donnell, who was deputy commissioner under Werfel. However, O’Donnell abruptly retired as the IRS came under pressure to lay off thousands of employees and share access to confidential taxpayer data. He was replaced by IRS chief operating officer Melanie Krause, who resigned last week after coming under similar pressure to provide taxpayer data to immigration authorities and employees of the Musk-led U.S. DOGE Service. 

Krause had planned to depart later this month under the deferred resignation program at the IRS, under which approximately 22,000 IRS employees have accepted the voluntary buyout offers. But Musk reportedly pushed to have Shapley installed on Tuesday, according to the Times, and he remained working in the commissioner’s office as recently as Friday morning. Meanwhile, plans are underway for further reductions in the IRS workforce of up to 40%, according to the Federal News Network, taking the IRS from approximately 102,000 employees at the beginning of the year to around 60,000 to 70,000 employees.

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Accounting

On the move: EY names San Antonio office MP

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Carr, Riggs & Ingram appoints CFO and chief legal officer; TSCPA hosts accounting bootcamp; and more news from across the profession.

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Accounting

Tech news: Certinia announces spring release

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Certinia announces spring release; Intuit acquires tech and experts from fintech Deserve; Paystand launches feature to navigate tariffs; and other accounting tech news and updates.

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