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Tax Strategy: Trump tax proposals and 2025 tax legislation

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2025 promises to be a very big year for tax legislation.

Having the White House, House and Senate all in control of the same party increases the likelihood that major tax legislation can be agreed upon. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted in the first year of Donald Trump’s first term when Republicans also had control of the White House and Congress. Republicans are also likely to use budget reconciliation to enable the legislation to be enacted without any Democratic support by avoiding the filibuster rules of the Senate.

Republicans will still have to keep almost all their members on board given their narrow majorities in both the House and Senate. Budget reconciliation will also require Republicans to agree on a budget resolution that will specify the spending, taxes, and deficit to be allowed under the budget resolution, and then require the congressional committees to follow that resolution in crafting the legislation.

The two main focuses of the 2025 tax legislation are likely to be extension of and other tinkering with the provisions of the TCJA, many of which are currently set to expire after 2025, and enactment of the many tax-related proposals Trump has made on the campaign trail. The legislation will still be difficult to pull together, with many of the tax proposals coming at a high cost, and growing concern about increasing the size of the federal deficit.

Expiring TCJA provisions

President-elect Trump has proposed extending almost all the expiring provisions of the TCJA. These include:

  1. Maintaining the current tax rate brackets with a top rate of 37%;
  2. Maintaining the TCJA’s elevated standard deduction, which has resulted in around 80% of taxpayers claiming the standard deduction rather than itemizing;
  3. Continuing the elimination of the personal exemption;
  4. Continuing the elimination of miscellaneous itemized deductions in excess of the 2% floor, including unreimbursed employee business expenses, investment expenses, tax preparation fees, and safe deposit box rental expenses;
  5. Continuing the elimination of the Pease limit on overall itemized deductions;
  6. Continuing the 60% of adjusted gross income limit on charitable contribution deductions;
  7. Continuing the current $750,000 limit on the mortgage interest deduction;
  8. Continuing the current $2,000 Child Tax Credit with a $1,400 refundable amount;
  9. Continuing the current, more limited, individual alternative minimum tax; and,
  10. Continuing the current high level of the unified estate and gift tax exclusion amount, which is $13,990,000 for 2025.

The TCJA also included the $10,000 limit on the state and local tax deduction. Trump has mentioned perhaps letting that limit expire. Other proposals include at least doubling it for married filing jointly to $10,000 for each spouse or otherwise increasing the limit.

Several business provisions are also already phasing down. Republicans included retroactively extending these provisions in the Tax Relief for American Families and Workers bill in 2024. However, that bill failed to pass the Senate. These include:

  1. Restoration of 100% deduction for research and experimentation expenses;
  2. Restoration of 100% bonus depreciation, currently phasing down to 60% in 2024 and 40% in 2025; and,
  3. Restoration of the business interest deduction limitation to not include adjustments for depreciation, depletion and amortization.

A few business-related provisions of the TCJA are also scheduled to expire after 2025. These include:

  1. The 20% qualified business income deduction;
  2. The disallowance of the moving expense deduction, other than for members of the armed forces; and,
  3. Empowerment Zones and the New Markets Tax Credit, expiring at the end of 2025, and Opportunity Zones, expiring at the end of 2026.

Several of the international tax provisions of the TCJA are modified after 2025:

  1. BEAT increases to 12.5% from 10%;
  2. GILTI deduction drops from 50% to 37.5%;
  3. FDII drops from 37.5% to 21.875%; and,
  4. The look-through rule for controlled foreign corporations from other related CFCs expires.
trump-no-tax-on-tips-sign.jpg
Donald Trump during a campaign event in Las Vegas

Ian Maule/Getty Images

Trump’s campaign proposals

President-elect Trump made a number of tax proposals at campaign stops during the election campaign. Most of them lack detail as to how they would be implemented.

  • No taxation of tip income. This would be a new concept in the tax law. It would favor workers receiving tip income over other low-wage workers who do not receive tip income and might encourage employers to try to push more employees into tip income. It is not clear if it would include tips in kind or only cash tips. Taxation of tip income was already difficult to administer, and it is not clear if this would simplify administration or further complicate the issue. The proposal would be expensive.
  • No taxation of overtime. This would also be a new concept in the tax law. It also raises definitional questions of what constitutes overtime — e.g., does it include an employee who works more than 40 hours per week because the employee holds two jobs? It might encourage employees to try to maximize overtime pay versus regular pay. The proposal would also be expensive.
  • No taxation of Social Security benefits. This would be relatively easy to incorporate into the tax law since Social Security benefits are already not taxed to recipients under certain income levels. The proposal would be expensive and contribute to a more rapid depletion of the Social Security Trust Fund.
  • Deduction of car loan interest. This would be relatively easy to incorporate into the tax law since there is already a deduction for home mortgage interest. This proposal would also be expensive to adopt. It might help more taxpayers qualify for itemized deductions in excess of the standard deduction.
  • Elimination of double taxation of citizens living abroad. There are already several tax provisions designed to limit double taxation of citizens living abroad. These include tax treaties, the foreign tax credit, the foreign earned income exclusion, and the foreign housing deduction and exclusion. It is not clear if this proposal would try to modify these provisions or seek to revise the fundamental U.S. tax policy of taxing U.S. citizens on their worldwide income regardless of where they reside.
  • Elimination of clean energy credits. Trump has specifically proposed eliminating the clean energy credits with respect to electric vehicles. It is not clear how far this extends to other clean energy credits. Many Republican lawmakers have voiced support for some of the clean energy credits. This proposal would help to raise some revenue to offset the expense of some of the other proposals.
  • Corporate income tax. Although the corporate income tax rate established by the TCJA is permanent at 21% and not set to expire, Trump has proposed lowering it further to 18% or 20% and 15% for domestic manufacturers. This would also be an expensive provision that might be dropped due to deficit concerns.
  • Sovereign wealth fund. Trump has proposed establishing a sovereign wealth fund for investment activities by the government, similar to funds operated by several other countries. Trump has proposed funding it with tariffs and has predicted that it would be a revenue raiser for the country.
  • Tariffs. Trump has proposed a variety of tariffs as a favorite revenue raiser. These include a broadly applicable 10% or 20% tariff on imports, a 60% tariff of imports from China, and a 100% tariff on vehicles from Mexico. He has also recently proposed 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico and an additional 10% tariff on China related to control of drugs coming into the U.S. Trump would have some freedom under current law to impose tariffs by executive action, although Congress could act to restrict that authority. Trump has suggested that tariffs could pay for many of his other tax proposals, although some commentators doubt that tariffs could raise that level of income. Trump has also suggested that tariffs could at some point replace the U.S. income tax, although again many commentators doubt that it could raise sufficient revenue. Tariffs would also tend to be much more regressive than the current income tax.

Summary

These are likely to be the discussion points around which 2025 tax legislation develops. As was done with the TCJA, there may be a tendency to try to get in as many tax breaks as possible, but to try to control the revenue cost by including phasedowns and phaseouts to stay within budget reconciliation requirements. The negotiations are likely to be difficult but also likely to end up with significant tax legislation enacted in 2025.

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Trump berates Republicans to ‘Stop talking,’ pass tax cuts

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Donald Trump listens to a question while speaking to members of the media before boarding Marine One on the South Lawn of the White House in Washington, D.C.
Donald Trump

Al Drago/Bloomberg

President Donald Trump called on members of his party to unite behind his economic agenda in Congress, putting pressure on factions of lawmakers who are calling for last-minute changes to the legislation to drop their demands.

“We don’t need ‘GRANDSTANDERS’ in the Republican Party,” Trump said in a social media post on Friday. “STOP TALKING, AND GET IT DONE! It is time to fix the MESS that Biden and the Democrats gave us. Thank you for your attention to this matter!”

Trump sent the post from Air Force One after departing the Middle East as the House Budget Committee was meeting to approve the legislation, one of the final steps before the bill can move to the House floor for a vote.

House Speaker Mike Johnson has set a goal to pass the bill next week before the House recesses for its Memorial Day break.

However, the the bill failed the initial committee vote — typically a routine, procedural step — with members of the party still sparring over the scope of the cuts to Medicaid benefits and how much to raise the limit on the state and local tax deduction.

Narrow majorities in the House mean that a small group of Republicans can block the bill. Factions pushing for steeper Medicaid cuts and for an increase to the SALT write-off have both threatened to defeat the bill unless their demands are met.

“No one group gets to decide all this stuff in either direction,” Representative Chip Roy, an ultraconservative Texas Republican advocating for bigger spending cuts, said in a brief interview on Friday. “There are key issues that we think have this budget falling short.”

Trump’s social media muscle and calls to lawmakers have previously been crucial to advancing his priorities and come as competing constituencies have threatened to tank the measure.

But shortly after Trump’s Friday post, Roy and fellow hardliner Ralph Norman of South Carolina appeared unmoved — at least for the moment. Both men urged continued negotiations and significant changes to the bill that could in turn jeopardize support among moderates.

“I’m a hard no until we get this ironed out,” Norman said. “I think we can. We’ve made progress but it just takes time”

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Accounting

97% say CPA firms not using tech efficiently says survey

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While CPA firms far and wide have made major technology investments over the years, the vast majority of accountants say they’re not being used to their full potential. 

This finding comes from a recent survey undertaken by CPA.com and payment solutions provider Bill. The 400-person poll found that nearly all respondents, 97%, say they use technology inefficiently and that additional training is needed to maximize return on investment. Further illustrating the point, 43% of respondents said that technology is making them do more manual work, not less, something. Becky Munson, an Eisner Amper partner specializing in outsourced accounting services, believes this reflects a failure of training and change management, as she has seen many who disliked a technology change develop manual workarounds specifically to avoid using the new solutions. 

“We see employees make workarounds with tech stacks, which makes headaches that I think align with this 43%. We train people on new things, we ask them to use them, and they keep doing what they were doing before and only use the technology as much as they have to [in order to] move things along while you have people well trained on the software keeping up,” she said in a webcast on Thursday about the survey. 

Inefficient

Ariege Misherghi—senior vice president and general manager of accounts payable, accounts receivable and the accountant channel—said the issue isn’t just because of firms but also vendors that don’t provide enough support, and may not necessarily understand the profession in the first place. 

“Too often I think tools aren’t fully aligned with the workflows they’re meant to support. In SaaS they talk about product-market fit, but in this profession it’s not just that but also product-firm fit, and maybe product-profession fit. Not every tool marketed to accountants was built by people who truly understand how this profession works: the rhythms, the regulations, the stakes, the relationships, all of that. And even the greatest tools can fall short if they’re not implemented with a deep understanding of how firms really operate,” she said. 

And sometimes the inefficiencies come from both sides at once: the survey found that only 37% of firms require clients to use their tech stack, something that Munson said “breaks my heart” as “it is so low.” A streamlined, established tech stack is needed to achieve true economies of scale, but to get there firms need to standardize their data, and to do that firms need to make sure their clients’ data is also standardized, which usually means integrated tech stacks. 

“If you have all these different clients with all these different technologies, even if your own tech stack is standardized the systems they use is different, so the kind of data you will get will be different, and the work you need to do to make it work with your data is different, and your team spends a lot of time spinning their wheels,” she said. “Once you get standardized, where everything back and forth from clients is the same, you get to see how well the teams can do their work.” 

One source of inefficiencies is a rushed implementation. Munson said that, too many times, firms are so eager to get a solution working that they don’t pay attention to all its capacities, just the ones they need right now, but once the basics are down firms still don’t circle back on the rest of the features and how they can be used to drive efficiency. 

“Most of us have been through an implementation, either in the practice or with a client, where you’re just like ‘anything to get it working. Forget about all the fancy things it does. We just needed to do the basics right,’ and then we never circle back on those better, more efficient processes. We get to sort of minimal viable, and then we forget to come back and give it an extra polish. And so what we see there is the processes get written for that basic piece, and we never update,” she said. 

But this is part of what both speakers believed was the larger problem of firms getting lost in the details of their tech stacks and not taking a broader, more holistic approach, which would enable more efficiencies. The key component to managing technology effectively, Munson said, is looking not at individual solutions here and there but thinking of the system as a whole. 

“Often, what happens is something’s wrong or something is troublesome in some way. And so [we say] what can we do to fix that one thing? And we don’t think about it holistically and get all the right folks in there so that we’re solving for the right pain points,” she said. 

Misherghi agreed, and added that this holistic extends not only to the technology a firm already has but the solutions they plan to purchase in the future. When evaluating what technology they need, she said leaders need to think not in terms of specific point solutions to particular problems but things that can support the entire workflow—plus, the onboarding, training and ongoing support from the vendor. 

“Don’t just look for features, right? Look for solutions that support your workflows from providers that understand you. For firms, onboarding and training and optimization can’t be an afterthought. They’re essential to realizing value. I think this is where vendor partnerships matter. Firms seeking the strongest results aren’t just using software, they’re collaborating with their providers, they’re staying educated, they’re making sure their tools evolve alongside their needs. The best outcomes happen when your technology partner acts like part of your team, not just part of your toolkit,” she said. 

Misherghi said that the more successful firms she’s seen think less in terms of performing particular tasks but designing an entire system that, through automation, can do those tasks for them. It is less about plugging holes and more about developing a full infrastructure. The survey found that 74% of participants have a detailed plan to add new services in the next 12 month; Misherghi noted that, among these firms, 86% have a detailed technology roadmap, which is “a wonderful mark on the evolution of the profession we’re seeing.” 

She said a good tech roadmap is more like a service design blueprint versus a shopping list. Successful firms, she said, are not just chasing features but designing intentional workflows and systems capable of scalable service delivery. Similarly, she stressed that the provider should be more than just a vendor but a strategic co-architect that can help with growing pains. 

Misherghi said this approach will become especially relevant as AI becomes more common, as integrations will be key to their effective use, which means thinking in terms of the whole system to understand where those integrations should take place. Right now, she said, people think of AI in terms of analyzing data or extracting fields, but with the rise of AI agents will require firms to focus more on coordinating between them. 

“I think the next big leap is when those systems don’t just talk to each other, they act on each other’s behalf. I think the next big inflection point will be moving from automated steps to autonomous workflows, where AI agents aren’t just analyzing data or extracting fields but actually orchestrating tasks across tools based on firm policies and context and that will change the role of the accounting profession: its less time doing the work and more time designing the system for how everything works together. So the firms that will be thriving are those who are building strong infrastructure now because that is what AI needs to deliver on its core value,” she said.

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Trump tax bill fails in House panel

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A key House committee on Friday failed to advance House Republicans’ massive tax-and-spending bill after hard-line conservatives bucked President Donald Trump and blocked the bill over cost concerns.

The House Budget Committee rejected the bill 21-16, with Republican Reps. Chip Roy, Ralph Norman, Josh Brecheen, and Andrew Clyde joining Democrats to vote against it. The four hardliners demanded deeper cuts to Medicaid and other government programs.

It’s incredibly rare for bills to fail at this step in the process, with the committee vote typically serving as a rubber-stamp to the bill before it moves to the House floor. 

Representative Chip Roy
Rep. Chip Roy

Stefani Reynolds/Photographer: Stefani Reynolds/B

The setback could be temporary and the panel can still approve the bill once the GOP differences are resolved. 

Republican Lloyd Smucker, who switched his vote to “no” to allow the committee to bring it up again, told reporters the committee will hold another vote on Monday. 

Trump, whose social media muscle and calls to lawmakers have previously been crucial to advancing his priorities, inserted himself in the debate less than two hours before the vote, berating dissidents and urging them to fall into line. 

“We don’t need ‘GRANDSTANDERS’ in the Republican Party,” Trump said in a social media post on Friday. “STOP TALKING, AND GET IT DONE! It is time to fix the MESS that Biden and the Democrats gave us. Thank you for your attention to this matter!”

The bill’s failure exposes the power a small group of lawmakers can wield as Republicans seek to push Trump’s “one big, beautiful bill” through the House with very narrow margins. GOP infighting threatens to kill the bill, or at least significantly delay Republicans’ plans to pass the bill next week.

(Read more:‘One big beautiful bill’ full of tax surprises.”)

Republican holdouts spelled out their demands during Friday’s committee meeting, including accelerating new work requirements for able-bodied adults on Medicaid to take effect immediately rather the 2029 deadline set in the legislation. The ultraconservatives also want a faster phase-out of clean energy tax credits.

It wasn’t immediately clear how House Republicans will re-group to address the divisions and advance the bill.

“I’ll let you know this weekend if we’re going to return first thing Monday. That’s the goal at this point,” Budget Chairman Jodey Arrington said after the vote. 

House Majority Leader Steve Scalise, who is helping to broker a deal among Republicans, said party leaders are in touch with the Trump administration to address some of the changes demanded by hardliners.

“We are all in agreement on the reforms we want to make,” Scalise said. “We want to have work requirements. We want to phase out a lot of these green subsidies. How quickly can you get it done?”

House Speaker Mike Johnson on Thursday pledged he would work through the weekend to broker a compromise between moderates, who are seeking an increase in state and local tax deductions, and ultra-conservatives, who say they won’t support it without more spending cuts.

(Read more:Here are the winners and losers in the Republican tax bill.“)

Members from both factions — the SALT Republicans representing high-tax districts and the fiscal hawks who want steeper budget reductions — have threatened to block the bill if House leaders don’t acquiesce to their demands. 

“No one group gets to decide all this stuff in either direction,” Roy, an ultraconservative Texas Republican advocating for bigger spending cuts, said in a brief interview on Friday. “There are key issues that we think have this budget falling short.”

Both Roy and Norman urged continued negotiations and significant changes to the bill that could in turn jeopardize support among moderates.

“I’m a hard no until we get this ironed out,” Norman said. “I think we can. We’ve made progress but it just takes time.”

If the legislation passes the House, it would then head to the Senate where it would likely undergo significant changes. Several members, including Senator Josh Hawley of Missouri, have stated opposition to the Medicaid cuts in the House bill.

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