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Trump dangles so many tax breaks even some advisers are confused

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Donald Trump at a Town Hall event

Emily Elconin/Photographer: Emily Elconin/Bloo

Donald Trump’s ever-growing litany of tax proposals includes something for almost every American family: tipped workers, hourly employees, senior citizens — and now even the higher-income residents of Democratic-led states whose tax breaks he took away while president.

And he’s not done yet: Trump will make a speech on Tuesday in Georgia to outline his vision to use tax breaks and other incentives to bolster U.S. manufacturing.

The former president has thrown out such a wide range of tax proposals that even his own advisers are unsure about which ones he intends to enact if elected. Some of the pronouncements have come as surprises and caused angst among allies. 

Within Trump’s orbit, the former president’s menu of tax ideas is seen as a way to appeal to voters in an extremely tight election — particularly, low-and-middle-income Americans frustrated by high prices looking for financial relief.

“I see it as a way of Trump trying to figure out how he can win over more working-class Americans,” said Stephen Moore, a senior fellow at the Heritage Foundation and an informal economic adviser who briefs Trump every few months on the state of the economy. “Some of the ideas are good. Some of the ideas are not so good. On balance, most of the ideas are good.”

Not since President George H. W. Bush asked voters to read his lips has a president made such big promises on taxes in an election campaign. For Trump, as with Bush, the question is whether he can keep them. (Bush, despite his “no new taxes” pledge, increased levies.)

“Principles of sound tax policy, economics — that’s no longer in the driver’s seat. Politics is in the driver’s seat. That’s why we’re seeing carve-outs and things that sound good on the campaign trail,” said Erica York of the Tax Foundation, a right-of-center think tank.

If elected, Trump would go into negotiations with Congress regarding a wish list totaling $11 trillion and counting, according to the Tax Foundation. That includes the extension of the 2017 tax cuts, which will expire unless Congress acts. He has also pledged as much as $2.8 trillion in additional revenue from tariffs to offset a portion of that cost. The former president and his allies have said his tax-cut proposals would bolster economic growth, helping to offset some of the cost, though his campaign hasn’t provided any details.

The Trump campaign said he isn’t making empty promises. 

“President Trump delivered on his promise to cut taxes in his first term and he will deliver again in his second term,” said spokeswoman Karoline Leavitt.

Vice President Kamala Harris has also made tax policy a central part of her campaign, pledging to increase the Child Tax Credit, create incentives to first-time home-buyers and expand deductions for startup businesses. She even co-opted one of Trump’s signature ideas — no taxes on tips, giving the proposal bipartisan momentum. Harris is planning her own economic-focused address this week. 

The Tax Foundation found that Harris’ tax plan would decrease the deficit because the reductions are more than offset by higher levies on corporations and wealthy households.

Pinch of SALT

Trump has targeted his proposals at key election constituencies. When in Nevada, a state with the highest percentage of service and hospitality workers, he made a surprise proposal to end taxes on tips. He’s offered to eliminate taxes on Social Security, a boon to retirees. To woo blue-collar workers, he proposed ending taxes on overtime. 

And in his latest proposal, he reversed himself on one of the more controversial provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, his signature tax rewrite of 2017. 

By capping the deduction of state and local taxes at $10,000, Trump helped to offset a higher standard deduction and lower overall rates in the 2017 bill. The SALT cap also had a political dimension: The taxpayers most affected are in districts with higher home values and higher tax rates — and are predominately run and represented by Democrats.

But the 2022 midterm elections helped sweep a number of Republicans into some of those districts, especially in New York State, where lawmakers have lobbied Trump to change course.  

“It disproportionately hurts states like New York,” said Rep. Michael Lawler, a Republican representing the Hudson Valley who said he raised the issue with Trump last month. “So, I’m heartened, obviously, to hear the former president say he will work with us to fix it.”

As for how the restored SALT deduction would be paid for, Lawler said: “Nobody knows.”

Moore said some of Trump’s economic advisers have discussed reviving SALT in a scaled-back fashion, allowing homeowners to deduct up to $15,000 or $20,000 annually, instead of the $10,000 permitted now.

One idea which Trump genuinely is wedded to, advisers say, is his proposal of no longer taxing tips. That idea has been under consideration since the primaries, his advisers say, but they held off on announcing it until the more competitive general election.

Tax base

How far Trump can go will depend on which party controls Congress next year, but his tax plan could face obstacles in both parties over concerns about costs and fairness.

Many of his proposed carve-outs go against the grain of four decades of tax policy, prompted by President Ronald Reagan who vowed to “broaden the base” by eliminating targeted tax breaks and lower rates for everyone.

Any move to exclude a certain type or source of income from taxes will undoubtedly change how people work. A no-tax-on-tips policy, for example, could prompt more workers to agree to lower wage in exchange for the promise of more tips. An hourly worker could rearrange his or her schedule to maximize overtime — and might even agree to a lower hourly rate to do so.

“Could some employers get creative? I suppose so. At the end of the day, to be honest, I’m more concerned about the incentives the other way,” said Rep. Russ Fulcher, an Idaho Republican who has a bill to eliminate taxes on overtime pay. “As exacerbated by Covid, we have these programs in place that encourage not working, and that’s a problem in itself.”

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Accounting

GASB issues guidance on capital asset disclosures

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The Governmental Accounting Standards Board issued guidance today that will require separate disclosures for certain types of capital assets for the purposes of note disclosures.

GASB Statement No. 104, Disclosure of Certain Capital Assets, also establishes requirements and additional disclosures for capital assets held for sale. 

The statement requires certain types of assets to be disclosed separately in the note disclosures about capital assets. The intent is to allow users to make better informed decisions and to evaluate accountability. The requirements are effective for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2025, and all reporting periods thereafter, though earlier application is encouraged.

The guidance requires separate disclosures for four types of capital assets:

  1. Lease assets reported under Statement 87, by major class of underlying asset;
  2. Intangible right-to-use assets recognized by an operator under Statement 94, by major class of underlying asset;
  3. Subscription assets reported under Statement 96; and,
  4. Intangible assets other than those listed in items 1-3, by major class of asset.

Under the guidance, a capital asset is a capital asset held for sale if the government has decided to pursue the sale of the asset, and it is probable the sale will be finalized within a year of the financial statement date. A government should disclose the historical cost and accumulated depreciation of capital assets held for sale, by major class of asset.

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Accounting

On the move: RRBB hires tax partner

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Suha Uddin

BRIAN BOUMAN MEMORY CREATIO

Suha Uddin was hired as a tax partner at RRBB Advisors, Somerset. 

Sax, Paterson, announced that its annual run/walk event SAX 4 Miler, supporting the Child Life Department at St. Joseph’s Children’s Hospital in Paterson, has achieved $1 million in total funds raised since its inception in 2012.    

Withum, Princeton, rolled out a new outsourcing service offering as part of its sustainability and ESG practice designed to help companies comply with the European Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, the mandate requires reporting of detailed sustainability performance as it pertains to the European Sustainability Reporting Standards , effective January 2023.

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Accounting

Armanino takes on minority investment from Further Global

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Top 25 Firm Armanino LLP has taken on a strategic minority investment from private equity firm Further Global Capital Management.

The deal, which closed today, is the latest in the series of investments by private equity in large accounting firms that began in 2021 — but with a key difference, Armanino CEO Matt Armanino told Accounting Today.

“What’s maybe the punchline here — what’s really unique, I think — is that we wanted to focus on a minority investment that allowed us to retain not just operational control of the business, but ownership control of the business,” he said. “Those are some of the guiding principles that we’ve been thinking about over the last number of years, and we felt like if we could accomplish those things strategically with the right partner, it would really be just a home run, and that’s where we think we’ve landed.”

As is common with CPA firms taking on private equity investment, Armanino LLP will restructure to an alternative practice structure, splitting into two independently owned and governed professional-services entities: Armanino LLP, a licensed CPA firm wholly owned by individual CPAs, will provide attest services to clients, and Armanino Advisory LLC, a consulting and advisory firm, will perform non-attest services.

Inside the deal

As have many large firms, Armanino LLP had been looking at private equity for some time.

“We’ve been analyzing the PE trend over the last few years and our discussions with Further Global actually began several years ago, and along the way we confirmed our initial inclination that Further Global would be a great partner for us,” CEO Armanino said.

“We had the opportunity to meet with dozens of leading private equity firms,” he explained. “Ultimately we concluded that Further Global would be the best partner for us based on their expertise in partnering with professional service businesses in particular, and our desire for a minority deal structure.”

Matt Armanino
Matt Armanino

Robert Mooring

While citing Further Global’s “deep domain expertise” in financial services and business services firms, Armanino noted that this would be the PE firm’s first foray into the accounting profession: “This is their first accounting firm deal, and I think they’re only focused on this one at this time.”

An employee-owned PE firm, Further Global invests in companies in the business services and financial services industries, and has raised over $2.2 billion of capital.

Guggenheim Securities LLC served as the financial advisor and sole private placement agent to Armanino LLP, while Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP acted as its legal counsel. Further Global was advised by Pointe Advisory, with Kirkland & Ellis as legal counsel.

“Armanino ranks as high as any CPA firm in the country with the private equity community,” commented Allan Koltin, CEO of Koltin Consulting Group, who has advised Armanino for over two decades. “Their deal with Further Global fit just like a glove. They will keep control and now have the capital structure to compete on the biggest of stages.”

Internally, the Armanino partner group was unanimous in its support for the deal — and in its insistence on only selling a minority stake.

“We’ve had transparent discussions at the leadership level around not only adding an outside investor, but we knew very early on that a minority investment was the best path forward for us, and we were very excited that there was unanimous support from the entire partnership group around that decision,” Armanino said. “This structure is also going to allow the long-term owners and partners of Armanino to maintain full control over our day-to-day operations, and the proud culture that we’ve built.”

“No other firm in the Top 25 has a structure like this, and I think that’s pretty significant,” he added.

Capital plans

The goal of the deal is to give Armanino the capital it needs to take itself to a new level of growth while also addressing some of the most pressing challenges in accounting: investing in technology, pursuing inorganic growth through M&A, and attracting and retaining talent.

The firm has always been tech-forward, and recently has been a major pioneer in artificial intelligence.

“The capital will enable us to fast-track our investments in advanced technology solutions, particularly AI,” said Matt Armanino. “We’ve seen growing desire from our clients to deploy real applications for AI solutions. And while we’ve been at the forefront of automation and AI since the early days, with the development of our AI Lab a few years ago, innovative AI-driven solutions that address our clients’ most urgent challenges remain a top priority for us.”

Beyond technology investments, the firm plans to continue its aggressive M&A strategy, which has brought on 19 acquisitions since 2019.

“Those transactions have allowed us to expand our capabilities and enter into new markets and drive greater value to our clients,” said Armanino. “And we think we can accelerate that now with this capital structure that we have.”

All that M&A has brought the firm a lot of fresh talent, but no firm these days has enough, and that’s a third purpose for the new capital.

“We think there remains a lot of ripe talent across the country out there,” he said. “I think the capital will support our efforts to attract, retain, develop and reward top talent by investing in people who drive our entrepreneurial spirit here at the firm.”

The deal will allow the firm to reward top talent, for instance through equity plans that allow them to extend the firm’s ownership culture beyond the partner group that it has traditionally been restricted to.

“In many cases, for our most senior employees today, there’s not a natural mechanism to align their effort to the success of the firm to the growth of our enterprise value and how that ultimately rewards them,” explained Armanino. “And we are very excited that we have new mechanisms, and plans in place, that are going to allow us to do that very well, and effectively push down the benefits of ownership and that ownership culture to our most senior employees.”

“Finally,” he added, “speaking to our innovative culture — and that’s a big part of our brand — the capital will empower us to say ‘Yes’ more frequently to great ideas, to entrepreneurial ideas and initiatives that truly make a difference for our clients and set us apart as a leader in this industry.”

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