Connect with us

Accounting

It’s never too late for year-end tax planning

Published

on

2024 brought a variety of ups and downs to the U.S. stock market, job market, and individuals’ pocketbooks and financial plans. 

The year started with volatility driven by inflation, interest rate adjustments by the Federal Reserve, economic uncertainty, and geopolitical issues. Yet the second half of 2024 has seen some stabilization as inflation receded and the Federal Reserve started to signal a pause in interest rate increases. 

However, what does not change is that we need to help our clients navigate their taxes and provide guidance for their financial future amidst the backdrop of uncertainty. 

As we approach 2025, now is an important time to sit down with clients to review their goals and do specific year-end planning to help them keep more of what they earn. We have put together a helpful guide to have productive conversations with clients about maximizing retirement contributions, considering tax-smart investment strategies to reduce their tax burden and more. 

Maximizing retirement contributions

Whether it is a 401(k) or a SIMPLE IRA, workplace retirement plans are a great option for clients to reduce their taxable income and save more of what they earn for their retirement. You should highly encourage your clients to participate in the employer-offered retirement plan. 

If the employer offers a retirement contribution match, clients should try to at least contribute enough to receive the full match. To harness the most tax-efficient elements of the plan, clients should max out the retirement plan, which reduces their overall taxable income. The 401(k)-employee contribution limit in 2024 is $23,000, but those 50 and older can contribute up to $30,500. The employee contribution limit for a SIMPLE IRA in 2024 is $16,000.   

Tax-smart investment strategies

End-of-year financial reviews should provide an outline of the gains and losses in your clients’ portfolios. This may identify opportunities for tax-loss harvesting. Tax-loss harvesting is when capital losses from one investment are used to offset taxes owed on capital gains from another investment or personal income. 

There are restrictions on the amount you can deduct from personal income taxes due to tax-loss harvesting; however, this could be something to consider if a client navigated several capital losses this year. 

Understanding their tax bracket

Work with your clients so they understand where they fall in their tax bracket to determine the most ideal strategies for them. For example, if your client is on the cusp of a higher tax bracket, are there tax-smart strategies that they should consider to stay below that higher tax bracket?

Questions to ask your clients:

  • Are they planning to sell an asset that would be subject to a capital gains tax? These are taxes that a client could pay on profits made from the sales of an asset like real estate or stock. If your client owned an asset for less than a year, they may owe a short-term capital gains tax depending on their tax rate. If this is the case, you can recommend that they hold onto the asset for longer to reduce their tax burden. On the other hand, if they owned something for more than a year, they may owe a long-term capital gains tax. You might consider investigating tax-loss harvesting opportunities. 
  • Are they invested in their employer’s health savings account or flexible spending account? These accounts set aside money from a client’s paycheck prior to taxes, which will lower their taxable income. 
  • Are there opportunities to defer a payment or a payout from a sale of an asset, collection of severance or other incoming money? If your client was laid off and is collecting a severance or sold a large asset of value (real estate, stocks, etc.), that income amount might push them into a higher tax bracket. It would be beneficial to decide now if they should split those payments between two years if it would lower the overall tax burden.
  • Do they expect to have income from investments? If so, they might be liable for a 3.8% net investment income tax on the lesser of their net investment income. Net investment income includes, but is not limited to interest, dividends, capital gains, rental and royalty income, and non-qualified annuities.

Consider opportunities to give back

This is a great time of year to discuss with clients causes that are important to them and if they want to provide a monetary contribution — whether financial, stocks, or a high-value item for donation. Open conversations about donations can uncover opportunities that may be eligible for a federal tax deduction. If your client is interested in donating directly to a charity of their choice in a donor-advised fund, it will only be deductible if they itemize and exceed the standard deduction. 

If your client is interested in donating directly to a charity, they may consider a qualified charitable distribution. This is a tax-free transfer of money from an IRA to a charity. Normally, a traditional IRA distribution is taxable; however, a QCD is tax-free as long as it is transferred directly to a charity. This option is available for individuals over 70½ years of age or older. The maximum amount that can be transferred through a QCD is $100,000. A QCD can provide several tax benefits. QCD can count toward required minimum distributions of a client’s IRA, therefore, reducing their taxable income. 

A donor-advised fund is a charitable investment account focused on supporting charitable organizations your clients care about. If your client contributes either cash or other assets to a DAF, they could take an immediate tax deduction. Keep in mind that some clients may want to start their own charitable fund, or support a 501(c)(3) organization’s DAF. In addition, as they decide on what organizations to support, those funds can grow tax-free and benefit the charitable organizations in the future. 

Start conversations about the TCJA sunset

The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act instituted significant Tax Code changes that reduced taxes for many individual investors; however, these tax cuts are only temporary. The TCJA is set to expire at the end of 2025 unless Congress decides to take action. 

Your clients may have seen tax cuts due to the TCJA and if they have, it will behoove you to have transparent conversations with them about how to navigate the TCJA expiring in 2025 and the potential tax increases they could see. 

The most significant tax cuts in the TCJA included: 

  • Federal individual income tax rates generally decreased;
  • Many itemized deductions were capped or disallowed;
  • The standard deduction doubled;
  • Changes to the Alternative Minimum Tax rules decreased the number of individual taxpayers subject to the AMT;
  • The gift and estate tax exemption doubled; and,
  • The qualified business income deduction was introduced.

Although how Congress will address the TCJA sunsetting in 2025 is unknown, it is critical for you to understand how the TCJA impacted your clients to help them determine how they will or will not be affected. As you have conversations with clients during year-end planning, here are areas to consider: 

  • Income tax planning: Take a look at your clients’ federal income tax rates now compared to 2017 and see if they were higher. Then review the AMT and check to see if your clients may qualify for that under pre-TCJA rules. Understanding if your clients will have a higher income tax or be subject to the AMT under pre-TCJA rules is important for them to know ahead of time and discuss potential income deferral strategies — especially for retirees who are navigating distributions or Roth conversions. 
  • Standard deduction: If your clients currently claim the standard deduction under TCJA, but they used to itemize, you may start flagging for them that they should consider itemizing for 2026 and the best ways to do that. 
  • Gift and estate planning: Currently, the enhanced gift and estate tax exemption is $13.61 million, but this will be cut in half after 2025 if the TCJA expires. You should have open discussions with your high-net-worth clients if they are considering making large gifts and if they want to use this exemption. Keep in mind, many wealth transfer strategies like the creation of trusts or real estate transfers require time to fully implement. If you have these conversations with clients now, they’ll be able to stay in front of potential changes and hopefully avoid any delays.

Help your clients keep more of what they earn

Having transparent and open year-end financial planning conversations now with your clients will help them get a head start on the coming year, identify goals, and determine the right strategies for their unique situation. It will also give you more opportunities to collaborate with financial advisors, estate attorneys, and other professionals to navigate the more complicated issues.

Continue Reading

Accounting

DOGE planning to centralize IRS data under one API

Published

on

During the height of tax season, billionaire Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency is reportedly aiming to centralize all IRS data around a single portal allowing third parties easier access to taxpayer information, and will begin efforts next week with a “hackathon” to find solutions. DOGE apparently believes it can complete this project in about 30 days. 

As first reported by Wired, the goal is the creation of a central application programming interface, or API, a type of software that lets computer programs communicate with each other, enabling direct passage of data. Any software integration depends on API access to function. 

While the IRS already makes use of APIs—such as those it maintains for e-Services, Income Verification Express Service and Information Return Intake System—the group’s aim is to create a single super API from which one could access all agency data, enabling users to view and manipulate it in one place. Such a move would also facilitate increased cloud connectivity by third party developers. The project will likely need a private sector partner, and Wired said it would likely be surveillance tech company Palentir, run by fellow billionaire Peter Thiel.

Such a move would also serve to take the dozens of disparate systems housed in on-premises data centers, purposely compartmentalized from the cloud, into this new API. It is unknown whether, or how, the new API would account for the numerous special permissions currently required to access certain types of data. Wired said this has led to security concerns, as the IRS has sensitive data that would be of great value to criminals, and centralizing everything under a single API could disrupt the systems of control the service already has in place to safeguard taxpayer information. 

It is unknown how the wave of layoffs at the IRS might affect this project. Of particular note is the fact that the administration has placed 50 senior IRS tech leaders on paid administrative leave. However, overall headcount in the short term seems subject to rapid change, as many of those same IRS employees who were laid off were rehired to help with the tax season load. Nevertheless, last week the IRS shuttered its Office of Civil Rights and Compliance, which had 130 employees, made plans to lay off 20,000 more, and most recently has eyed further staff reductions

Meanwhile, the IRS and the Department of Homeland Security have reached an agreement to share IRS information on immigrants with DHS’s Immigration and Customs Enforcement unit. Under the memorandum of understanding, ICE will be able to ask the IRS for information such as addresses of people who have been ordered to leave the U.S. IRS officials had previously objected to sharing more extensive information such as Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers, and the disagreement reportedly led to the departure of the IRS’s former acting chief counsel

Musk, via DOGE, has said little about the IRS on his social media but has criticized the agency for its reliance on contractors as well as the slow pace of its modernization program. Recently, the government froze $1.5 billion in modernization contracts, which will either be canceled or be modified along pay-for-performance lines. 

Continue Reading

Accounting

Lawmakers reintroduce bill to expand tax credits for affordable housing

Published

on

A group of over 100 lawmakers reintroduced legislation in the House to expand and strengthen the Low Income Housing Tax Credit.

Rep. Darin LaHood, R-Illinois, Suzan DelBene, D-Washington, Claudia Tenney, R-New York, Don Beyer, D-Virginia, Randy Feenstra, R-Iowa, and Jimmy Panetta, D-California, reintroduced the Affordable Housing Credit Improvement Act on Tuesday along with about 100 cosponsors. The bill has been repeatedly reintroduced in Congress since 2016 without winning final passage. A companion bill in the Senate is slated for introduction soon. Last Congress, the Affordable Housing Credit Improvement Act had 273 bipartisan cosponsors in the House of Representatives and 34 in the Senate.

The Affordable Housing Credit Improvement Act would support the financing of an estimated nearly 2 million new affordable homes across the country by increasing the number of credits allocated to each state by 50% for the next two years and making the temporary 12.5% increase secured in 2018 permanent. The credits have already helped build more than 59,000 additional affordable housing units across the U.S.

The bill would also increase the number of affordable housing projects that can be built using private activity bonds, stabilizing the financing for workforce housing projects built using private activity bonds by decreasing the amount of private activity needed to secure LIHTC funding. Proponents believe that as a result, projects would be able to carry less debt, and more projects would be eligible to receive funding.

“As I travel throughout Illinois’ 16th Congressional District, I frequently hear how the shortage of affordable housing impacts our communities throughout central and northwestern Illinois,” LaHood said in a statement. “To address this growing crisis across the country, Congress must strengthen tools to drive investment into affordable workforce housing and expand housing options for hardworking families nationwide. I am proud to reintroduce the bipartisan Affordable Housing Credit Improvement Act alongside Representatives DelBene, Tenney, Beyer, Feenstra, and Panetta to strengthen our communities and support economic development.” 

The bill would also improve the LIHTC program to serve communities such as veterans, victims of domestic violence and rural Americans.

“Too many families are struggling to find a safe, affordable place to call home,” said DelBene in a statement. “This is a pervasive problem across America and in Washington. When people have stable housing, it has a ripple effect throughout other aspects of life. They’re better able to support their families and succeed at work. This overwhelmingly bipartisan legislation makes smart, targeted investments to increase affordable housing supply and help meet the needs of growing communities both in Washington and across the country.” 

Since it was created in 1986, the LIHTC has helped build or restore more than 3.5 million affordable housing units, nearly 90% of all federally funded affordable housing during that time. Approximately 8 million American households have benefited from the credit, according to proponents, and the economic activity that it generated has supported 5.5 million jobs and generated more than $617 billion in wages.

In the previous Congress, over half the membership of the House cosponsored the AHCIA, including majorities of both Republicans and Democrats. Key provisions from the bill passed the House with overwhelming support as part of the Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (H.R.7024): restoring the 12.5% expansion of the LIHTC initially signed into law by President Trump (but allowed to expire in 2021), and easing the private activity bond threshold requirements for accessing four percent credits. This year’s reintroduction of the bill comes as communities across the country struggle with higher housing costs and dwindling supply, according to proponents.

“The overwhelming bipartisan support for the Affordable Housing Credit Improvement Act of 2025 underscores the critical need to increase the supply of affordable rental homes,” said Affordable Housing Tax Credit Coalition CEO Emily Cadik in a statement. “We thank the bill’s sponsors for their leadership and the more than 100 bipartisan House cosponsors for supporting this commonsense solution to expand and strengthen the Housing Credit.”

“With our nation’s housing crisis reaching record levels, there is a strong imperative for Congress to act,” said Dudley Benoit, president of the AHTCC board of directors and executive vice president of Walker & Dunlop, in a statement. “The affordable housing crisis affects every state and all types of communities. The Housing Credit has proven to be an effective tool in urban and rural areas alike. Without action, this crisis will continue to spiral, leaving more families unable to find affordable housing in their communities and making it more difficult for those communities to support a workforce.”

Continue Reading

Accounting

In the blogs: Sweet liberty

Published

on

Change is not at hand; a question for brokerages; the IRS Simple Installment; and other highlights from our favorite tax bloggers.

Sweet liberty

  • Tax Vox (https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox): By cutting funding and staff, Congress and President Trump have largely ended the Biden administration’s plans for “transformational change” at the IRS.
  • The Tax Times (https://www.thetaxtimes.com): The IRS may be facing eradication, but it still had long, long arms when it came to a former Florida resident living in Italy who didn’t file tax returns.
  • Berkowitz Pollack Brant (https://www.bpbcpa.com/articles-press-releases/): Beneficial ownership information reporting requirements do still apply … to some. A look at the remaining narrow group that still must report.
  • Eide Bailly (https://www.eidebailly.com/taxblog): Republicans wished they could focus on extending the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act before this year runs out. Then came “Liberation Day.”

The end’s in sight

Breaking through the noise

Illogical yet revolutionary

  • Current Federal Tax Developments (https://www.currentfederaltaxdevelopments.com/): The Massachusetts Appeals Court’s decision in Craig H. Welch & Another vs. Commissioner of Revenue provides guidance for navigating the state’s income tax for non-residents, particularly concerning capital gains from the sale of stock.
  • Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy (https://itep.org/category/blog/): Philadelphia Mayor Cherelle L. Parker’s proposal to cut the city’s business income and receipts tax, based off the Philadelphia Tax Reform Commission’s recommendation, is “illogical and imprudent.”
  • Tax Foundation (https://taxfoundation.org/blog): South Carolina lawmakers and their governor intend to have the state join the flat tax revolution. “Unfortunately, while the plan would implement a low, flat rate that is highly competitive with other states’ systems, it yields a significant tax increase for many households that have historically had very little liability.”

Continue Reading

Trending