In an early April update, the U.S. Department of Education said the delivery of some FAFSA applications would be further delayed due to ongoing issues with applicants’ tax data.
“We are working hard to address these challenges and ensure schools have the information needed to package and make aid offers as quickly as possible,” Rich Cordray, chief operating officer of the Education Department’s office of federal student aid, said in a statement.
However, these latest setbacks may mean it will take colleges even longer to get financial aid award letters to students, shortening the time those college hopefuls have to make informed enrollment decisions about next year.
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“Continually taking two steps forward and one giant step back is not a sustainable pathway toward getting financial aid offers out to students and families,” said Justin Draeger, president ofthe National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators.
In ordinary years, financial aid award letters are sent around the same time as admission letters so students have several weeks to compare offers ahead of National College Decision Day on May 1, which is the deadline many schools set for admitted students to decide on a college.
Higher education already costs more than most families can afford, and college costs are still rising. Tuition and fees plus room and board for a four-year private college averaged $56,190 in the 2023-2024 school year; at four-year, in-state public colleges, it was $24,030 per year, according to the College Board.
For most students and their families, which college they will choose hinges on the amount of financial aid offered and the breakdown between grants, scholarships, work-study opportunities and student loans.
“For many of our students, it’s less about comparing offers and more about ‘can I go at all,'” said Charles Welch, president and CEO of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities.
To that end, the AASCU is encouraging colleges and universities to extend their decision deadlines to give students and families more time to assess their financial aid picture.
Some schools have already postponed those enrollment deadlines to May 15 or later.
“Our number one concern is making sure we give students every opportunity they can to make determinations about financial eligibility,” Welch said.
FAFSA delays don’t have to mean rushed decisions
However, this could also be an opportunity to weigh your options before factoring in aid, according to Nancy Goodman, founder of College Money Matters, a nonprofit focused on helping high school students and their families make informed decisions about paying for college.
“It’s not unexpected that people would feel the FAFSA delays are forcing them into a rushed decision about something that has a major financial impact on their lives,” she said. “But this waiting time can be an opportunity, because it gives students and their families the chance to step back and consider their options from a more clear, objective and unhurried point of view.”
“This time is best used to objectively evaluate each school on the basis of how well they serve the student’s future — as opposed to how much aid they may offer in student loans,” Goodman said.
To determine which schools may be the more affordable options, the U.S. Department of Education’s college scorecard and each school’s net price calculator can help.
Tap private scholarships
In the meantime, students should also be exploring other sources for merit-based aid.
“I recommend being laser focused on applying for scholarships,” said James Lewis, co-founder of National Society of High School Scholars.
In fact, there are more than 1.7 million private scholarships and fellowships available, often funded by foundations, corporations and other independent organizations, with a total value of more than $7.4 billion, Lewis explained.
Many don’t require a completed FAFSA, Lewis added, and there are free resources that can match you to available scholarships based on your skills and interests.
“There are students who have paid for their entire college education through scholarships, it’s just dependent on the amount of effort and time put in,” Lewis said.
Check with the college or ask your high school counselor about opportunities. You can also search websites like Scholarships.com and the College Board.
The agency on Friday confirmed the figure — which will bring its total staff down to 50,000 from 57,000.
Previous reports that the Social Security Administration planned for a 50% reduction to its headcount are “false,” the agency said.
Nevertheless, the aim of 7,000 job cuts has prompted concerns about the agency’s ability to continue to provide services, particularly benefit payments, to tens of millions of older Americans when its staff is already at a 50-year low.
“It’s going to extend the amount of time that it takes for them to have their claim processed,” said Greg Senden, a paralegal analyst who has worked at the Social Security Administration for 27 years.
“It’s going to extend the amount of time that they have to wait to get benefits,” said Senden, who also helps the American Federation of Government Employees oversee Social Security employees in six central states.
Officials at the White House and the Social Security Administration were not available for comment at press time.
The Social Security Administration on Friday said it anticipates “much of” the staff reductions needed to reach its target will come from resignations, retirement and offers for Voluntary Separation Incentive Payments, or VSIP.
More reductions could come from “reduction-in-force actions that could include abolishment of organizations and positions” or reassignments to other positions, the agency said. Federal agencies must submit their reduction-in-force plans by March 13 to the Office of Personnel Management for approval.
Cuts may affect benefit payments, experts say
Former Social Security Administration Commissioner Martin O’Malley last week told CNBC.com that the continuity of benefit payments could be at risk for the first time in the program’s history.
“Ultimately, you’re going to see the system collapse and an interruption of benefits,” O’Malley said. “I believe you will see that within the next 30 to 90 days.”
Other experts say the changes could affect benefits, though it remains to be seen exactly how.
“It’s unclear to me whether the staff cuts are more likely to result in an interruption of benefits, or an increase in improper payments,” said Charles Blahous, senior research strategist at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University and a former public trustee for Social Security and Medicare.
Improper payments happen when the agency either overpays or underpays benefits due to inaccurate information.
With fewer staff, the Social Security Administration will have to choose between making sure all claims are processed, which may lead to more improper payments, or avoiding those errors, which could lead to processing delays, Blahous said.
Disability benefits, which require more agency staff attention both to process initial claims and to continue to verify beneficiaries are eligible, may be more susceptible to errors compared to retirement benefits, he added.
Cuts may have minimal impact on trust funds
Under the Trump administration, Social Security also plans to consolidate its geographic footprint to four regions down from 10 regional offices, the agency said on Friday.
Ultimately, it remains to be seen how much savings the overall reforms will generate.
The Social Security Administration’s funding for administrative costs comes out of its trust funds, which are also used to pay benefits. Based on current projections, the trust funds will be depleted in the next decade and Social Security will not be able to pay full benefits at that time, unless Congress acts sooner.
The efforts to cut costs at the Social Security Administration would likely only help the trust fund solvency “in some miniscule way,” said Andrew Biggs, senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and former principal deputy commissioner of the Social Security Administration.
What President Donald Trump is likely looking to do broadly is reset the baseline on government spending and employment, he said.
“I’m not disagreeing with the idea that the agency could be more efficient,” Biggs said. “I just wonder whether you can come up with that by cutting the positions first and figuring out how to have the efficiencies later.”
“There’s a lot of panicking by PSLF borrowers due to the uncertainty,” said higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz.
PSLF, which President George W. Bush signed into law in 2007, allows certain not-for-profit and government employees to have their federal student loans canceled after 10 years of payments.
Here’s what borrowers in the program need to know about recent changes affecting the program.
IDR repayment plan applications down
Some borrowers’ PSLF progress has stalled
While the legal challenges against SAVE were playing out, the Biden administration paused the payments for enrollees through a forbearance, as well as the accrual of any interest.
Unlike the payment pause during the pandemic, borrowers in this forbearance aren’t getting credit toward their required 120 payments for loan forgiveness under PSLF. It’s unclear when the forbearance will end.
But while the applications for other IDR plans remain unavailable, borrowers in SAVE are stuck on their timeline toward loan forgiveness, Kantrowitz said. If you were on an IDR plan other than SAVE, you will continue to get credit during this period if you’re making payments and working in eligible employment.
The Education Department is now tweaking the applications to make sure all their repayment plans comply with the new court order, an agency spokesperson told CNBC last week.
It will likely be months before the Department has reworked all the applications and made them available again, Kantrowitz said.
Those who switch to the Standard plan will continue to get PSLF credit, but the payments are often too high for those working in the public sector or for a nonprofit to afford, experts said.
‘Buy back’ opportunity can help
While it’s frustrating not to be inching toward loan forgiveness for the time being, an option down the road may help, said Betsy Mayotte, president of The Institute of Student Loan Advisors, a nonprofit.
The Education Department’s Buyback opportunity lets people pay for certain months that didn’t count, if doing so brings them up to 120 qualifying payments.
For example, time spent in forbearances or deferments that suspended your progress can essentially be cashed in for qualifying payments.
The extra payment must total at least as much as what you have paid monthly under an IDR plan, according to Studentaid.gov.
Borrowers who’ve now been pursuing PSLF for 10 years or more should put in their buyback request sooner than later, Kantrowitz said.
“The benefit is likely to be eliminated by the Trump administration,” he said.
Keep records
Borrowers have already long complained of inaccurate payment counts under the PSLF program. While the student loan repayment options are tweaked, people could see more errors, Kantrowitz said.
“A borrower’s payment history and other student loan details are more likely to get corrupted during a transition,” he said.
As a result, he said, those pursuing PSLF should print out a copy of their payment history on StudentAid.gov.
“It would also be a good idea to create a spreadsheet showing all of the qualifying payments so they have their own count,” Kantrowitz said.
With the PSLF help tool, borrowers can search for a list of qualifying employers and access the employer certification form. Try to fill out this form at least once a year, Kantrowitz added.
The US Treasury building in Washington, DC, US, on Monday, Jan. 27, 2025.
Stefani Reynolds | Bloomberg | Getty Images
The U.S. Department of the Treasury on Sunday announced it won’t enforce the penalties or fines associated with the Biden-era “beneficial ownership information,” or BOI, reporting requirements for millions of domestic businesses.
Enacted via the Corporate Transparency Act in 2021 to fight illicit finance and shell company formation, BOI reporting requires small businesses to identify who directly or indirectly owns or controls the company to the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, known as FinCEN.
After previous court delays, the Treasury in late February set a March 21 deadline to comply or risk civil penalties of up to $591 a day, adjusted for inflation, or criminal fines of up to $10,000 and up to two years in prison. The reporting requirements could apply to roughly 32.6 million businesses, according to federal estimates.
The rule was enacted to “make it harder for bad actors to hide or benefit from their ill-gotten gains through shell companies or other opaque ownership structures,” according to FinCEN.
In addition to not enforcing BOI penalties and fines, the Treasury said it would issue a proposed regulation to apply the rule to foreign reporting companies only.
President Donald Trump praised the news in a Truth Social post on Sunday night, describing the reporting rule as “outrageous and invasive” and “an absolute disaster” for small businesses.
Other experts say the Treasury’s decision could have ramifications for national security.
“This decision threatens to make the United States a magnet for foreign criminals, from drug cartels to fraudsters to terrorist organizations,” Scott Greytak, director of advocacy for anticorruption organization Transparency International U.S., said in a statement.